1.4016 (430) Ishidi nePleti

Incazelo emfushane:

Ubukhulu: 0.15mm-3.00mm (Kugoqwe Okubandayo)

3.00mm-8.00mm ( Kugoqelwe Okushisayo)

Ububanzi: 1000mm, 1219mm, 1250mm, 1500mm, 1800mm, 2000mm, njll.

Ubude: 2000mm, 2440mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3048mm, 5800mm, 6000mm noma njengezidingo zamakhasimende


  • Intengo ye-FOB:US $0.5 - 9,999 / Ucezu
  • Inani elincane le-oda:100 Isiqephu/Izingcezu
  • Ikhono Lokuhlinzeka:10000 Ucezu/Izingcezu Ngenyanga
  • Imbobo:Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen
  • Isikhathi sokuthumela:7-10 izinsuku ngemva kokuqinisekisa oda
  • Umsuka:China
  • Isikhathi Sokukhokha:T/T , L/C
  • Okujwayelekile:ASTM,AISI,SUS,JIS,EN,DIN,GB,ASME,njll
  • Isigayo:Pocso/ Tisco/ Lisco/ Jisco/ Bao steel/ H Wang
  • Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

    Ukucaciswa Kwezobuchwepheshe

    Iphakheji Yomkhiqizo Nokuthunyelwa

    Isingeniso Senkampani

    Umbuzo Nezimpendulo

    Omaka bomkhiqizo

    Insimbi Engagqwali - Ferritic -1.4016 (430) Ishidi nePleti

    1.4016 (430) Ishidi nePleti

    Insimbi engagqwali uhlobo 1.4016 futhi ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi grade430. Uhlobo430insimbi engagqwali ihlanganisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle nokwakheka okuhle kanye ne-ductility.
    Insimbi engagqwali ye-Chromium engaqinile, engaqinile, enekhwalithi enhle yokuqedela.
    I-Grade 430 nayo inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuhlaselwa kwe-nitric, okwenza ifaneleke kahle ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni kwamakhemikhali. Izicelo ezidume kakhulu ze-430 zisezintweni zasendlini kanye ne-trim yokuhlobisa.


    Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

    1.4016 Insimbi

    I-Chemical Element % Yethula
    Ikhabhoni (C) 0.0 - 0.08
    I-Chromium (Cr) 16.00 - 18.00
    I-Manganese (Mn) 0.0 - 1.00
    I-silicon (Si) 0.0 - 1.00
    I-Phosphorous (P) 0.0 - 0.04
    Isibabule (S) 0.0 - 0.02
    Insimbi (Fe) Ibhalansi

    Izakhiwo

    Impahla Engokomzimba Inani
    Ukuminyana 7.75 g/cm³
    I-Melting Point 1425-1510 °C
    Ukunwetshwa kwe-Thermal 10.4 x10^-6 /K
    I-Modulus ye-Elasticity 200 GPA
    I-Thermal Conductivity 23.9 W/mK
    Ukungazweli Kagesi 0.060 x10^-6 Ω .m

    Ishidi - Kufika ku-8mm Ukuqina

    Impahla Mechanical Inani
    Ubufakazi Ukucindezeleka 260 Min MPa
    Amandla Okuqina 450 - 600 MPa
    Ubude A50 mm 20 Amaminithi %

    Ipuleti - Ngaphezu kuka-8mm kuya ku-13.5mm / Ugqinsi

    Impahla Mechanical Inani
    Ubufakazi Ukucindezeleka 240 Min MPa
    Amandla Okuqina 450 - 600 MPa
    Ubude A50 mm 18 Min %

    Ipuleti - Ngaphezu kuka-13.5mm kuya ku-25mm Ugqinsi

    Impahla Mechanical Inani
    Ubufakazi Ukucindezeleka 240 Min MPa
    Amandla Okuqina 430 - 630 MPa
    Ubude A50 mm 20 Amaminithi %

    Izimpawu ze-alloy

    I-Stainless Steel Grade 1.4016/430 nayo ihambisana nalezi zindlela ezilandelayokodwa akumele kulingane ngqo:

    I-UNS S43000

    I-BS 430S17

    EN60

     


    Amafomu Anikeziwe

     

    • Ishidi
    • Hlikihla
    • Ithubhu
    • Indawo yokuphuzela utshwala
    • Ukufakwa & Flanges
    • Ipayipi
    • Ipuleti

    Izinhlelo zokusebenza

    430 insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile isetshenziswa:

     

    Amasinki anezindleko eziphansi

    Ukunquma okuhlobisa

    Izimpahla Ezimhlophe & Ezinsundu (imishini yokuwasha, imishini yokuwasha izitsha, izipheki

    Iziqandisi

    Isici sesitofu sisekela

    Imishini yesayensi

    Ama-Fasteners

    Flue linings


    Ukumelana Nokugqwala

    Insimbi engagqwali engu-430 inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemidiya okuhlanganisa i-nitric acid namanye ama-organic acid. Ukumelana nokugqwala kohlobo 430 kulungile uma inobuso obucwebezelwe kakhulu. Njengakwamanye amamaki e-ferritic, ukumelana nokucindezeleka kokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion kuphezulu kakhulu.


  • Okwedlule:
  • Olandelayo:

  • Ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo

    Okubalulekile I-ASTM A240 Standard 201, 304 304L 304H 309S 309H 310S 310H 316 316H 316L 316Ti 317 317L 321 321H 347 347H 409 410 43S 409
    I-ASTM A480 Standard 302, s30215, s30452, s30615, 308, 309, 309Cb, 310, 310Cb, S32615,S33228, S38100, 304H, 309H, 316HH 310, 310H HC 321H,347H, 348H, S31060, N08811, N08020, N08367, N08810, N08904,N08926, S31277, S20161, S30600, S30601, S31225, S31226, S3122 S32654, S32053, S31727, S33228, S34565, S35315,S31200, S31803, S32001, S32550, S31260, S32003, S32101,S32205, S32205 S32520, S32750, S32760, S32900, S32906, S32950, ​​S32974
    I-JIS 4304-2005 Standard SUS301L,SUS301J1,SUS302,SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316/316L, SUS309S, SUS310S, 3SUS21L, SUS347, SUS410L, SUS430, SUS630  
    I-JIS G4305 Standard SUS301, SUS301L, SUS301J1, SUS302B, SUS304, SUS304Cu,SUS304L, SUS304N1, SUS304N2, SUS304LN, SUS304J1, SUSJ2,SUS305, SUS301S, SUS301S SUS315J1, SUS315J2,SUS316, SUS316L, SUS316N, SUS316LN, SUS316Ti, SUS316J1,SUS316J1L,SUS317, SUS317L, SUS317LN, SUS33USSL62JS SUS890L, SUS321, SUS347, SUSXM7, SUSXM15J1, SUS329J1, SUS329J3L, SUS329J4L, SUS405, SUS410L, SUS429, SUS430, SUS430LJ3, SUS4, SUS40, S30, S30, S304, S30 LUS4 SUS436J1L,SUS444, SUS445J1, SUS445J2, SUS447J1, SUSXM27, SUS403,SUS410, SUS410S, SUS420J1, SUS420J2, SUS440A

    Ukucaciswa komkhiqizo

    Qeda Ubukhulu Izici Izinhlelo zokusebenza
    No. 1 3.0mm ~ 50.0mm Iqedwa ngokuginqika okushisayo, i-annealing kanye ne-picling, ebonakala ngendawo ekhethiwe emhlophe Imishini yemboni yamakhemikhali, amathangi ezimboni
    No. 2B 0.3mm ~ 6.0mm Iqedwa ukwelashwa ukushisa, pickling ngemva rolling abandayo, kulandele isikhumba pass line ukuze likhanye ngaphezulu futhi ebusweni bushelelezi I-General Application Medical Instruments, I-Tableware
    No. BA (Bright Annealed) 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm Ukwelashwa kokushisa okukhanyayo ngemva kokugoqa okubandayo Isitsha sasekhishini, ikhishi, inhloso yezakhiwo
    No. 4 0.4mm ~ 3.0mm Ukupholisha ngeNo. 150 kuya ku-No.180 mesh abrasives. Iziqephu ezidume kakhulu Izinsiza zokucubungula ubisi nokudla, Izinsiza Zesibhedlela, Ubhavu wokugeza
    No. 8 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm Indawo ekhanyayo efana nesibuko ngokupholishwa ngama-abrasives acolekile angaphezu kwama-mesh angu-800 I-Reflector, i-Mirror, i-Interior-Ingaphandle umhlobiso wokwakha
    HL(Umugqa Wezinwele) 0.4mm ~ 3.0mm Kuqedwe ngokupholisha komugqa okuqhubekayo Izinjongo zezakhiwo, izitebhisi ezizihambelayo, izimoto zasekhishini

    Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

    Ibanga

    C

    Si

    Mn

    P

    S

    Cr

    Ni

    Mo

    Ti

    N

    Cu

    Nb

    201

    ≤0.15

    ≤1.0

    5.50-7.50

    ≤0.05

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    3.50-5.50

    -

    -

    0.05-0.25

    -

    -

    202

    ≤0.15

    ≤1.0

    7.50-10.00

    ≤0.05

    ≤0.03

    17.00-19.00

    4.00-6.00

    -

    -

    0.05-0.25

    -

    -

    301

    ≤0.15

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.045

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    6.00-8.00

    -

    -

    ≤0.1

    -

    -

    302

    ≤0.15

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    17.00-19.00

    8.00-10.00

    -

    -

    ≤0.1

    -

    -

    303

    ≤0.15

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.2

    ≥0.15

    17.00-19.00

    8.00-10.00

    ≤0.6

    -

    ≤0.1

    -

    -

    304

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    17.00-19.00

    8.00-10.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    304L

    ≤0.03

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    18.00-20.00

    8.00-10.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    304H

    0.04-0.1

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    18.00-20.00

    8.00-10.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    304N

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    18.00-20.00

    8.00-10.00

    -

    -

    0.10-0.16

    -

    -

    304j1

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    18.00-20.00

    6.00-9.00

    -

    -

    -

    1.00-3.00

    -

    305

    ≤0.12

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    17.00-19.00

    10.50-13.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    309S

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    22.00-24.00

    12.00-15.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    310S

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    24.00-26.00

    19.00-22.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    316

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    10.00-14.00

    2.00-3.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    316L

    ≤0.03

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    12.00-15.00

    2.00-3.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    316H

    ≤0.1

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    10.00-14.00

    2.00-3.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    316N

    ≤0.03

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    10.00-14.00

    2.00-3.00

    -

    0.10-0.16

    -

    -

    316Ti

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-19.00

    11.00-14.00

    2.00-3.00

    ≥5C

    -

    -

    -

    317L

    ≤0.03

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    18.00-20.00

    11.00-15.00

    3.00-4.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    321

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    17.00-19.00

    9.00-12.00

    -

    5C-0.7

    -

    -

    -

    347

    ≤0.08

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    17.00-19.00

    9.00-12.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    10C-1.10

    347H

    ≤0.1

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    17.00-19.00

    9.00-12.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    8C-1.10

    2205

    ≤0.03

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    21.00-24.00

    4.50-6.50

    2.50-3,50

    -

    0.08-0.20

    -

    -

    2507

    ≤0.03

    ≤0.8

    ≤1.2

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.02

    24.00-26.00

    6.00-8.00

    3.00-5.00

    -

    0.24-0.32

    -

    -

    904L

    ≤0.02

    ≤1.0

    ≤2.0

    ≤0.045

    ≤0.03

    19.00-23.00

    23.00-28.00

    4.00-5.00

    -

    -

    1.00-2.00

    -

    C276

    ≤0.02

    ≤0.05

    ≤1.0

    -

    -

    14.00-16.50

    Okunye

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    I-Monel400

    ≤0.3

    ≤0.5

    ≤2.0

    -

    ≤0.024

    -

    ≥63

    -

    -

    -

    28-34

    -

    409L

    ≤0.03

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    17.00-19.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    410

    ≤0.15

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    11.50-13.50

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    410L

    ≤0.03

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    11.50-13.50

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    420j1

    0.16-0.25

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    12.00-14.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    420j2

    0.26-0.40

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    12.00-14.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    430

    ≤0.12

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    436L

    ≤0.025

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-19.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    439

    ≤0.03

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    -

    440A

    0.60-0,75

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    -

    ≤0.75

    -

    -

    -

    -

    440B

    0.75-0.95

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    -

    ≤0.75

    -

    -

    -

    -

    440C

    0.95-1.2

    ≤1.0

    ≤1.0

    ≤0.035

    ≤0.03

    16.00-18.00

    -

    ≤0.75

    -

    -

    -

    -

    441

    ≤0.03

    0.2-0.8

    ≤0.7

    ≤0.03

    ≤0.015

    17.50-18.50

    -

    ≤0.5

    0.1-0.5

    ≤0.025

    -

    0.3+3C-0.9

    Thinabopha imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali ngephepha elilwa nokugqwala kanye namasongo ensimbi ukuze uvimbele umonakalo.

    Amalebula okuhlonza amakwe ngokuya ngemininingwane ejwayelekile noma imiyalelo yekhasimende.

    Ukupakisha okukhethekile kuyatholakala ngokwemfuneko yekhasimende ngalinye.

    Iphakheji Yekhoyili Yensimbi Engagqwali

    iphakheji yekhoyili yensimbi engagqwali ye-cepheus (1)

    iphakheji yekhoyili yensimbi engagqwali ye-cepheus (2)

     

    Ishidi Lensimbi Engagqwali / Iphakheji Lepuleti Lensimbi Engagqwali

    iphakheji ye-cepheus yensimbi engagqwali (3)

    cepheus insimbi engagqwali plate 1_副本

     

    Iphakheji ye-Stainless Steel Strip

    iphakheji ye-cepheus yensimbi engagqwali (5)

    Iphakheji Lokuthumela

    I-Cepheus Stainless Steel Shipment (1)

    I-Cepheus Stainless Steel Shipment (2)

    I-Cepheus Stainless Steel Shipment (3)

    Inkampani yethu izinze eWuxi, iqoqa idolobha lezimboni zensimbi engagqwali eChina.

    Sasebenza ngokukhethekile ngamakhoyili angagqwali, amashidi kanye nepuleti, ipayipi nokufakwa kwensimbi engagqwali, amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-aluminium nemikhiqizo yethusi.

    Imikhiqizo yethu iye yanconywa kakhulu ngamakhasimende ethu avela eYurophu, eMelika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Sizohlinzeka ngemikhiqizo encintisanayo kanye nesevisi ephelele kumakhasimende.

    Ibanga Lensimbi Engagqwali: 201, 202, 202cu, 204, 204cu, 303, 304, 304L, 308, 308L, 309, 309s, 310, 310s, 316, 316, 4, 1, 3, 316, 316, 4, 6, 3, 316 420, 430, 430F, 440, 440c,

    Ibanga le-alloy :Monel, Inconel, Hastolley, Duplex, Super Duplex, Titanium, Tantalum, High Speed ​​Steel, Mild Steel, Aluminium, Alloy Steel, Carbon Steel, Special Nickel Alloys

     

    Ngendlela: Amabha Ajikelezayo, Amabha Ayisikwele, Amabha Anezinhlangothi, Amabha Ayisicaba, Ama-engeli, Amashaneli, Amaphrofayili, Izintambo, Izinduku Zocingo, Amashidi, Amapuleti, Amapayipi Angenamthungo, Amapayipi E-ERW, Ama-Flanges, Okokufakwayo, njll.

    i-wuxi cepheus insimbi engagqwali (1)

     

    i-wuxi cepheus insimbi engagqwali (5)

    i-wuxi cepheus insimbi engagqwali (4)

    i-wuxi cepheus insimbi engagqwali (3)

     

    i-wuxi cepheus insimbi engagqwali (2)

     

    Q1: Yini i-stainless?

    IMP: I-stainless isho ukuthi akukho zimpawu endaweni yensimbi, noma uhlobo lwensimbi olungalinyazwa umoya noma amanzi futhi olungashintshi umbala, olungenabala, olumelana namabala, ukugqwala, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali.

    Q2: Ingabe i-stainless isho ukuthi akukho ukugqwala?

    IMP: Cha, ibala lisho ukuthi akulula ukuthi libe namabala noma ukugqwala, linamandla akhethekile okumelana namabala, ukugqwala kanye nokugqwala.

    Q3: Ingabe uhlinzeka ngamashidi ensimbi engagqwali?

    A: Yebo, sihlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamashidi ensimbi engagqwali, anobubanzi obusuka ku-0.3-3.0mm. futhi emaphethelweni ahlukene.

    Q4: Ingabe uyayamukela isevisi yokusika ukuze ubude?

    IMP: Impela, ukwaneliseka kwekhasimende yinto yethu ehamba phambili.

    Q5: Uma ngine-oda elincane, uyalamukela i-oda elincane?

    A: Akuyona inkinga, ukukhathazeka kwakho ukukhathazeka kwethu, amanani amancane ayamukelwa.

    Q6: Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wakho?

    IMP: Okokuqala, zisuka nje, sesivele sifake umoya ezingqondweni zabo, okungukuthi ikhwalithi yokuphila, abasebenzi bethu abangochwepheshe kanye nezinduku bazolandela zonke izinyathelo kuze kube yilapho izimpahla zipakishwa kahle futhi zithunyelwa ngaphandle.

    Q7: Ingabe uzopakisha imikhiqizo?

    A: Abantu abangochwepheshe benza ukupakisha okuchwepheshile, sinezinhlobo ezahlukene zokupakisha ozikhethela kumakhasimende, elomnotho noma elingcono.

    Q8: Yini okudingeka uyazi kukhasimende ngaphambi kwekhotheshini enembile?

    IMP: Ukuze uthole ikhotheshini enembile, sidinga ukwazi ibanga, ukujiya, ubukhulu, ukuphela kwendawo, umbala kanye nenani le-oda lakho, kanye nendawo okuyiwa kuyo impahla. Ulwazi lomkhiqizo owenziwe ngokwezifiso luzodingeka kakhulu, njengokudweba, isakhiwo nohlelo. Ngemuva kwalokho sizonikeza ikhotheshini yokuncintisana nolwazi olungenhla.

    Q9: Hlobo luni lwesikhathi sokukhokha owamukelayo?

    A: Samukela i-T/T, i-West union, i-L/C.

    Q10: Uma leli kuyi-oda elincane, ungaletha izimpahla kumenzeli wethu?

    IMPENDULO: Yebo, sizalelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga zamakhasimende ethu, sizothola izimpahla ngokuphephile endaweni egcina impahla yomenzeli wakho futhi sikuthumelele izithombe.

    Q11: Ingabe wenza ishidi eliyisicaba? Ngifuna ukwenza ukwakheka kwephrojekthi yami entsha.

    A: Cha, sikhiqiza ikakhulukazi insimbi engagqwali yokwelashwa kweshidi eliyisicaba, ngesikhathi esifanayo, senza ngokwezifiso umkhiqizo oqediwe wensimbi njengomdwebo nohlelo lwekhasimende ngalinye, uchwepheshe wethu uzonakekela okunye.

    Q12: Mangaki ama-coutries osuwathengisile?
    A: Ithunyelwa emazweni angaphezu kuka-50 ikakhulukazi eMelika, Russia, UK, Kuwait, Egypt, Iran,
    Turkey, Jordan, njll.
    Q13: Ngingawathola kanjani amasampuli?
    A: Amasampuli amancane esitolo futhi angahlinzeka ngamasampula mahhala. I-Catalgue iyatholakala, iningi
    amaphethini sinamasampula alungile esitokweni. Amasampula enziwe ngokwezifiso azothatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-5-7.
    Q14: Kuyini ukulethwa?
    A: Isikhathi sokulethwa kwe-oda lesampula izinsuku ezi-5-7. Ama-oda wesitsha cishe izinsuku eziyi-15-20.

    Q15: Luyini uhlelo lokusebenza ngeMikhiqizo yakho?
    A: Umnyango we-elevator/cabin noma nodonga oluseceleni lwezitezi ezizihambelayo.
    2.Udonga ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwegumbi/indawo yokudlela.
    3.I-Facade lapho uvale phezu kokuthile, njengamakholomu endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi.
    4.Ceiling in the supermarket. 5.Imidwebo yokuhlobisa kwezinye izindawo zokuzijabulisa.
    Q16: Ungaqinisekisa isikhathi esingakanani ngalo Mkhiqizo/Uqede?
    A: Isiqinisekiso sombala iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Isitifiketi sekhwalithi yezinto zoqobo singa
    ukuhlinzekwa.

    Imikhiqizo Ehlobene