Njengothango lwepikikhethi emhlophe, uthango lwensimbi engagqwali - olutholakala yonke indawo ezindaweni zaseNew York ezinabanikazi bezindlu base-Asia abaminyene - luvusa umuzwa owenziwe, kodwa lucwebezela kakhulu.
Emigwaqweni yokuhlala e-Flushing, Queens, nase-Sunset Park, e-Brooklyn, cishe yonke enye indlu inothango lwensimbi. Ayisiliva futhi ngezinye izikhathi igolide elisikiwe ngokungafani nezindlu ezizungezile zezitini nezimbozwe nge-vinyl, njengemigexo yedayimane egqokwa phezu komhlophe omdala. izikibha.
“Uma unemali eyengeziwe, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhethe okungcono kakhulu,” kusho u-Dilip Banerjee, ekhomba uthango lukamakhelwane lwensimbi olukhandiwe, ecwebezela ngothango lwakhe lwensimbi, ama-handrails, izicabha nama-awnings. Kubize cishe u-$2,800 ukwengeza endlini yakhe ephansi enezitezi ezimbili eFlushing.
Njengothango olumhlophe, olude oluwuphawu lwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi Iphupho LaseMelika, ucingo lwensimbi engagqwali luhlanganisa umqondo ofanayo wobuciko.Kodwa ucingo lwensimbi aluthulisiwe noma alufani; iyamazombeza ngendlela yomenzi, eyenziwe ibe ngeyakho ngezinhlobonhlobo zemihlobiso, okuhlanganisa izimbali ze-lotus, izimpawu ze-“om” namaphethini ejometri. Ebusuku, izibani zasemgwaqweni nezibani zezimoto zenza ihaba ukubenyezela kwensimbi engagqwali, engakwenzi, futhi engenzi. , kufiyela ebumnyameni njengensimbi ekhandiweyo. Nakuba abanye bengase bethuswe ukucwebezela, ukuma ngaphandle kuyilokho kanye okuyikho - insimbi engagqwali. ucingo luwuphawu olungenakuphikwa lokuthi abanikazi bezindlu sebefikile.
"Nakanjani kuwuphawu lokufika kwesigaba esiphakathi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abafika ekhaya okokuqala," kusho uThomas Campanella, isazi-mlando sokuhlela amadolobha kanye nendawo eyakhiwe emadolobheni e-Cornell University. "Insimbi engagqwali inesici sesimo."
Ukuphakama kwalezi zingcingo—okuvame ukubonakala ezindlini ezinomkhaya owodwa, kodwa naseduze kwezindawo zokudlela, amasonto, amahhovisi odokotela, njll—kwahambisana nokwanda kwabantu base-Asia baseMelika eNew York.Ngonyaka odlule, ihhovisi lezokuthutha lakuleli dolobha labika ukuthi abantu base-Asia baseMelika Izakhamuzi zaseziQhingini zasePacific zaziyiqembu elikhula ngokushesha kakhulu lobuhlanga kuleli dolobha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2010, kwakungaphezu kwalokho. Bayizi-750 000 abafuduki base-Asia nabaseziQhingini zasePacific eNew York, kwathi ngo-2019, lelo nani lase likhule lacishe lafinyelela ku-845,000. Leli dolobha liphinde lathola ukuthi abangaphezu kwengxenye yalabo bantu bokufika babehlala eQueens. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, uMnu. eNew York ngesikhathi esifanayo.
UGaribaldi Lind, isakhamuzi sasePuerto Rican esihlale eSunset Park amashumi eminyaka, uthe ucingo luqale ukusabalala ngesikhathi omakhelwane bakhe baseSpanishi bethutha bedayisela abathengi baseShayina imizi yabo. Phezulu lapho, kukhona abanye abathathu.”
Kodwa abanye abanikazi bezindlu nabo basamukele isitayela sokubiya.” Kuyo yonke i-Queens Village nase-Richmond Hill, uma ubona uthango olufana nalolu, ngokuvamile umndeni wamaNdiya aseNtshonalanga,” kusho umenzeli wezindlu wase-Guyana uFarida Gulmohamad.
Azithandwa yiwo wonke umuntu.” Nami angisiye umlandeli. Azinakugwenywa, kodwa ziyinto exakile, zicwebezela kakhulu, noma zimangalisa kakhulu,” kusho uRafael Rafael, umthwebuli wezithombe we-“All Queens Residences.” URafael Herrin-Ferri uthe. IQueens inezinto eziningi ezicashile, ezishibhile, kodwa azihlangani noma aziphelelisi enye into.”
Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwemvelo yabo ekhangayo futhi ekhazimulayo, uthango luyasebenza futhi lungabizi kakhulu ukuzinakekela kunezinsimbi zensimbi ezinopende oxebukayo.Izindlu ezisanda kulungiswa ezithengiswayo zihlotshiswe ngensimbi ekhazimulayo kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni (noma kunalokho, kusukela ezinsikeni kuya emasangweni).
“Abantu baseNingizimu ne-Asia nabaseMpumalanga Asia babonakala bethanda insimbi engagqwali ngoba ibukeka iyinhle,” kusho uPriya Kandhai, umthengisi wezindlu waseQueens ohlale ebala izindawo ezingomakhelwane zase-Ozone Park naseJamaica.
Uthe ngesikhathi ekhombisa amakhasimende le ndlu enothango lwensimbi ne-awning, ayibona ibaluleke kakhulu futhi yesimanje njengesiqandisi sensimbi engagqwali ekhishini esikhundleni sikapulasitiki omhlophe.
Yasungulwa okokuqala eNgilandi ngo-1913. Yaqala ukutholwa ngobuningi eShayina ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990, ngokusho kuka-Tim Collins, unobhala jikelele we-World Stainless Steel Association, inhlangano yokucwaninga engenzi nzuzo ezinze eBrussels.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, “insimbi engagqwali iye yaqondwa kabanzi njengento ehlala isikhathi eside ehlotshaniswa nayo,” kusho uMnu Collins.” Ikhono lokuyikhiqiza nokuyikhanda ibe yizimo ezithakazelisayo ezinezici ezingokomfanekiso ezivela emazweni abantu basekhaya kuwuguquko lwakamuva. .” Insimbi eyenziwe, ngokuphambene, inzima kakhulu ukwenza ngokwezifiso, wanezela.
UMnu Collins uthe ukuthandwa kothango lwensimbi engagqwali kungabangelwa “abantu abafuna ukukhumbula ifa labo futhi bamukele into enomuzwa wesimanje”.
UWu Wei, uprofesa osebenzisana naye eSikoleni Sezokwakha kanye Nokuhlelwa Kwedolobha laseNanjing University, uthe amabhizinisi amaningi azimele ensimbi engenasici asungulwa eJiangsu naseZhejiang ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1990 nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000.” Benza izinto eziningi zasendlini,” kusho UNksz Wu, okhumbula umkhiqizo wokuqala wensimbi engagqwali emzini wakhe kwakungusinki wemifino. Ngeminyaka yawo-90s, imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali zibhekwa njengezibalulekile, kodwa namuhla “zikhona yonke indawo, wonke umuntu angaba nazo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ukusebenzise manje,” kusho yena.
NgokukaNks Wu, umklamo ohlotshisiwe wothango ungase ubangelwe isiko laseShayina lokwengeza amaphethini amahle ezintweni zansuku zonke. Uthe izimpawu ezinhle njengezinhlamvu zesiShayina (njengesibusiso), okhrayini abamhlophe abamele ukuphila isikhathi eside, nezimbali ezimelela izimbali zivame ukutholakala. “ezindlini zendabuko zamaShayina”.Kwabacebile, le miklamo engokomfanekiso yaba ukukhetha kobuhle, kusho uNksz Wu.
Abafuduki baseShayina abathuthela e-United States eminyakeni yamuva baletha lokhu kuhlotshaniswa kwensimbi engagqwali. Njengoba izitolo ezikhiqiza uthango lwensimbi ziqala ukuvela eQueens naseBrooklyn, abantu baseNew York bazo zonke izizinda baqala ukufaka lezi zici.
UCindy Chen, 38, ongowokufika wesizukulwane sokuqala, wafaka amasango ensimbi engagqwali, izicabha namafasitela endlini akhulela kuyo eShayina.Lapho efuna ifulethi eNew York, wayazi ukuthi ufuna elinesivikelo sensimbi engagqwali.
Ukhiphe ikhanda ewindini lensimbi eliqapha insimbi yefulethi ahlala kulo e-Sunset Park, ethi “ngoba ayigqwali futhi kukhululeke kakhudlwana ukuhlala kuyo,” amaShayina avame ukuthanda insimbi. futhi muhle,” esho, enezela, “Izindlu eziningi ezisanda kulungiswa ngaphesheya komgwaqo zinalo mkhiqizo wensimbi engagqwali.” Uthango lwensimbi nonogada bamenza azizwe ephephe kakhudlwana. (Kusukela ngo-2020, ubugebengu obubhebhetheke kakhulu enzondo obubhekiswe kubantu base-Asia baseMelika bunyuke kakhulu eNew York, futhi abantu abaningi base-Asia baseMelika bebexwayile ukuhlaselwa.)
UMnu Banerjee, 77, owasuka e-Kolkata, e-India, ngeminyaka yawo-1970, uthe wayehlala ekulambele okunye. phezulu komnyango kuhlotshiswe ngezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali.
Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wawusefekthri ye-jute e-India. Lapho efika okokuqala eNew York, waphahlazeka ezindlini zabangane abahlukahlukene. Waqala ukufaka izicelo zemisebenzi ayeyibona emaphephandabeni futhi wagcina eqashwe njengonjiniyela enkampanini.
Ngemva kokuzinza ngo-1998, uMnu Banerjee wathenga indlu ahlala kuyo manje, futhi eminyakeni edlule uye walungisa ngokucophelela zonke izingxenye zendlu ukuze zifane nombono wakhe - umata, amafasitela, igalaji kanye, vele, uthango zonke zashintshwa. ”Uthango luvikela konke. Iyakhula ngenani,” esho ngokuziqhenya.
U-Hui Zhenlin, 64, osehlale endlini yaseSunset Park iminyaka engu-10, uthe izicabha zensimbi zomuzi wakhe kanye nezinsimbi zazikhona ngaphambi kokuba angene, kodwa ngokuqinisekile ziyingxenye yesikhalo sale ndawo.” Le mikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali mihle kakhulu ngoba 'zihlanzekile,” kusho yena.Akudingeki ukuthi zipendwe kabusha njengensimbi futhi zibukeke zipholishwe ngokwemvelo.
UZou Xiu, 48, owathuthela efulethini eliseSunset Park ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, uthe uzizwa enethezekile ngokuhlala emzini onezicabha zensimbi engagqwali.” Bayaphila,” kusho yena.” zivikeleke kakhulu.”
Ngemva kwayo kukhona abenzi bensimbi. Eduze kwe-Flushing's College Point Boulevard, kutholakala izitolo nezindlu zombukiso zensimbi engagqwali. Ngaphakathi, izisebenzi ziyakwazi ukubona insimbi incibilika futhi ilolongwa ukuze ilingane nomklamo ngokwezifiso, izinhlansi zindiza yonke indawo, futhi izindonga zimbozwe ngensimbi. amaphethini eminyango yesampula.
Ngosuku lwesonto ekuseni ngale ntwasahlobo, u-Chuan Li, 37, umnikazi-kanye we-Golden Metal 1 Inc., ubexoxisana ngezintengo namanye amaklayenti abeze ezofuna umsebenzi wokubiya ngocingo. Cishe eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule, uMnu. Li wathuthela e-United States evela e-Wenzhou, e-China, futhi useneminyaka engaphezu kweshumi esebenza emsebenzini wensimbi. Ufunde umsebenzi wezandla eNew York ngesikhathi esebenza esitolo sokuklama ikhishi e-Flushing.
KuMnu Lee, umsebenzi wensimbi uyindlela yokufinyelela esiphethweni kunobizo.” Ngangingenayo enye indlela, ngempela. Kwadingeka ngiziphilise. Uyazi thina maShayina - siyaphuma emsebenzini, siya emsebenzini nsuku zonke,” kusho yena.
Uthi akakaze alufakele uthango lwensimbi emzini wakhe, yize isikhathi sakhe esiningi esisebenzisa ekhanda.”Angiyithandi nhlobo enye yazo. Ngibuka lezi zinto nsuku zonke,” kusho uMnu Lee.” Endlini yami, sisebenzisa uthango lwepulasitiki kuphela.”
Kodwa uMnumzane uLi wanika iklayenti lokho elikuthandayo, eklama ucingo ngemva kokuhlangana nekhasimende, elamtshela ukuthi iyiphi iphethini eliyithandayo. Wabe eseqala ukuhlanganisa izinto ezingavuthiwe, ezigoba, ezishisela, futhi ekugcineni wapholisha umkhiqizo osuphelile. . U-Lee ukhokhisa cishe u-$75 ngonyawo ngomsebenzi ngamunye.
“Yiyona kuphela into esingayenza uma sifika lapha,” kusho u-Hao Weian, 51, ongumnikazi we-Xin Tengfei Stainless Steel.” Ngangivame ukwenza lezi zinto e-China.”
UMnu Ann unendodana ekolishi, kodwa uthemba ukuthi ngeke alizuze njengefa ibhizinisi lomndeni.” Ngeke ngimvumele asebenze lapha,” kusho yena.” Ngibheke – ngigqoka imaski nsuku zonke. Akungenxa yalolu bhubhane, yingoba kugcwele izintuli nentuthu lapha.”
Nakuba umsebenzi ungase ungajabulisi ngokukhethekile kubakhiqizi, kumdwebi nomqophi we-Flushing-based u-Anne Wu, uthango lwensimbi engagqwali lunikeze ugqozi olukhulu. Ngonyaka odlule, esiqeshini esigunyazwe i-The Shed, isikhungo sobuciko sase-Hudson Yards, uNksz Wu wadala. ukufakwa kwensimbi engagqwali okukhulu kakhulu.” Ngokuvamile, uma uhamba edolobheni, ubudlelwano babantu nezinto ezibonakalayo buwukubukeka, into abayibukayo ngaphandle. Kodwa bengifuna ukuthi lesi siqeshana sithathe indawo eyanele ukuze umbukeli azizwe sengathi angadlula Kuso,” kusho uNksz Wu, 30.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kade zaba yinto ethakaselwa uNksz Wu. Kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule, ebuka indawo kanina e-Flushing igcwala kancane ngezinto zensimbi engagqwali, waqala ukuqoqa izinsalela zezinto azithole endaweni yezimboni yakwaFlushing. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngenkathi evakashele izihlobo emaphandleni aseFujian, eChina, wahlabeka umxhwele lapho ebona isango elikhulu lensimbi engagqwali phakathi kwezinsika ezimbili zamatshe.
“Ukuzikhukhumeza kuyindawo ethakazelisa kakhulu kodwa eyinkimbinkimbi, lapho bonke abantu abahlukene behlangana ndawonye endaweni eyodwa,” kusho uNksz Wu.” Lezi zithango zensimbi engagqwali zishintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukubukeka kwesakhiwo sokuqala ezengezwe kuso, futhi ekugcineni lonke. indawo. Ezingeni lezinto ezibonakalayo, insimbi ikhombisa yonke into eyizungezile, ngakho-ke ihlangana emvelweni ngenkathi ihlala inesibindi futhi ivusa amadlingozi. Gxila ku."
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-08-2022