UMEHLUKO PHAKATHI KWETHUSI, ITHUSI NETHUSI

Ithusi, Ithusi kanye Nethusi, okunye okwaziwa ngokuthi “Izinsimbi Ezibomvu”, kungase kubukeke kufana ekuqaleni kodwa empeleni kuhluke kakhulu.

Ithusi

I-Copper isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo enhle kakhulu kagesi neyokushisa, amandla amahle, ukwakheka okuhle nokumelana nokugqwala. Ukufakwa kwamapayipi namapayipi kuvamise ukukhiqizwa kusukela kulezi zinsimbi ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwazo. Zingathengiswa kalula futhi zenziwe nge-brazed, futhi eziningi zingashiswa ngegesi ehlukahlukene, i-arc nezindlela zokumelana. Zingapholishwa futhi zifakwe cishe noma yikuphi ukuthungwa nokucwebezela okufunayo.

Kunamabanga e-Copper engaxutshiwe, futhi angahluka ngenani lokungcola okuqukethwe. Amamaki ethusi angenawo umoya-mpilo asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emisebenzini lapho kudingeka khona ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kanye ne-ductility.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zethusi yikhono layo lokulwa nama-bacteria. Ngemva kokuhlolwa okubanzi kwama-antimicrobial yi-Environmental Protection Agency, kwatholakala ukuthi ama-alloys ethusi angama-355, kuhlanganise nobhedu amaningi, atholakale ebulala amagciwane angaphezu kwama-99.9% phakathi namahora amabili okuxhumana. Ukungcoliswa okuvamile kwatholakala ukuthi akukhinyabezi ukusebenza kwe-antimicrobial.

Izicelo zethusi

I-Copper yayingenye yezinsimbi zokuqala ezatholwa. AmaGreki namaRoma akwenza kwaba amathuluzi noma imihlobiso, futhi kukhona ngisho nemininingwane yomlando ebonisa ukusetshenziswa kwethusi ukuze kubulawe amagciwane amanxeba futhi kuhlanzeke namanzi okuphuza. Namuhla itholakala kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi ezifana nezintambo ngenxa yekhono layo lokuqhuba ugesi ngempumelelo.

Ithusi

Ithusi ngokuyinhloko iyingxubevange equkethe ithusi elinezinc. Ama-Brasses angaba namanani ahlukahlukene we-zinc noma ezinye izakhi ezingeziwe. Lezi zingxube ezihlukahlukene zikhiqiza izakhiwo eziningi ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhlukahluka kombala. Amanani anyukile e-zinc anikeza impahla amandla athuthukisiwe kanye ne-ductility. Ithusi lingahluka ngombala ukusuka kobomvu kuye kophuzi kuye ngenani le-zinc elingezwe ku-alloy.

• Uma okuqukethwe kwe-zinc yethusi kusuka ku-32% kuya ku-39%, kuzoba namandla okusebenza okushisa kodwa ukusebenza okubandayo kuzokhawulelwa.

• Uma ithusi liqukethe ngaphezu kwe-39% zinc (isibonelo - i-Muntz Metal), izoba namandla aphezulu kanye ne-ductility ephansi (emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni).

Izicelo Zethusi

I-Brass ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokufana kwayo negolide. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile ukwenza izinsimbi zomculo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu nokuqina.

Amanye ama-Brass Alloys

I-Tin Brass
Lena ingxubevange equkethe ithusi, zinc kanye nethini. Leli qembu le-alloy lizofaka i-admiralty brass, ithusi lasolwandle kanye nethusi lemishini yamahhala. I-tin yengezwe ukuvimbela i-dezincification (i-leaching ye-zinc kusuka ku-alloys yethusi) ezindaweni eziningi. Leli qembu linokuzwela okuphansi kwe-dezincification, amandla aphakathi, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu komkhathi kanye ne-aqueous kanye ne-conductivity kagesi enhle kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukushibilika kahle futhi zikwazi ukumila kahle ezibandayo. Lawa ma-alloys ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokubopha, i-hardware yasolwandle, izingxenye zomshini wezikulufa, ama-pump shafts kanye nemikhiqizo yemishini ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala.

Ithusi

I-bronze ingxubevange equkethe ngokuyinhloko ithusi kanye nokwengezwa kwezinye izithako. Ezimweni eziningi isithako esingeziwe ngokuvamile siyithayini, kodwa i-arsenic, i-phosphorus, i-aluminium, i-manganese, ne-silicon nayo ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izici ezihlukene endabeni. Zonke lezi zithako zikhiqiza ingxubevange enzima kakhulu kunethusi iyodwa.

Ibhulonzi libonakala ngombala walo ofiphele nosagolide. Ungakwazi futhi ukubona umehluko phakathi kwethusi nethusi ngoba i-bronze izoba namasongo amnyama ebusweni bayo.

Izicelo Zethusi

I-bronze isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezithombe eziqoshiwe, izinsimbi zomculo nezindondo, nasezintweni ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nama-bushings nama-bearings, lapho insimbi yayo ephansi ekungqubuzaneni kwensimbi iyinzuzo. I-bronze nayo inezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-nautical ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala.

Amanye ama-Bronze Alloys

I-Phosphor Bronze (noma I-Tin Bronze)

Le alloy ngokuvamile inokuqukethwe kwethini okusuka ku-0.5% kuya ku-1.0%, kanye nobubanzi be-phosphorus obungu-0.01% ukuya ku-0.35%. Lawa ma-alloys aphawuleka ngokuqina kwawo, amandla, i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana, ukumelana nokukhathala okuphezulu, nokusanhlamvu okuhle. Okuqukethwe kwe-tin kukhulisa ukumelana nokugqwala kanye namandla aqinile, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus kukhulisa ukumelana nokuqina nokuqina. Okunye okujwayelekile kokuphela kokusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo kungaba imikhiqizo kagesi, izivunguvungu, iziphethu, amawasha, okokusebenza okumelana nokugqwala.

I-Aluminium Bronze

Lokhu kunobubanzi bokuqukethwe kwe-aluminium okungu-6% - 12%, insimbi engu-6% (ubukhulu), kanye ne-nickel content engu-6% (ubukhulu). Lezi zithako ezihlanganisiwe zinikeza amandla akhulayo, ahlanganiswe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala nokugqoka. Lokhu okubalulekile kuvamise ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-hardware yasolwandle, ama-sleebearing namaphampu noma ama-valve aphatha uketshezi olubolayo.

I-Silicon Bronze

Lena ingxubevange engakwazi ukumboza kokubili ithusi nethusi (amathusi e-silicon abomvu kanye nama-silicon bronzes abomvu). Ngokuvamile aqukethe u-20% we-zinc kanye ne-silicon engu-6%. Ithusi elibomvu linamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala futhi livame ukusetshenziselwa iziqu ze-valve. I-bronze ebomvu ifana kakhulu kodwa inezinga eliphansi le-zinc. Isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile lapho kwakhiwa izingxenye zephampu nama-valve.

I-Nickel Brass (noma i-Nickel Silver)

Lena ingxubevange equkethe ithusi, nickel kanye zinc. I-nickel yenza okubonakalayo kubonakale cishe okwesiliva. Lesi sici sinamandla amaphakathi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Lokhu okubalulekile ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinsimbi zomculo, okokudla neziphuzo, okokusebenza kokubona, nezinye izinto lapho ubuhle buyinto ebalulekile.

I-Copper Nickel (noma i-Cupronickel)

Lena ingxubevange engaqukatha noma yikuphi ukusuka ku-2% kuya ku-30% we-nickel. Lesi sici sinokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kakhulu futhi sinokuzinza kwe-thermal. Le nto futhi ikhombisa ukubekezelela okuphezulu kakhulu kokuqhekeka kokugqwala ngaphansi kwengcindezi kanye ne-oxidation endaweni yesitimu noma yomoya omanzi. Okuqukethwe kwe-nickel okuphezulu kule nto kuzothuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala emanzini olwandle, kanye nokumelana nokungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Le nto isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ekwenzeni imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, izinto zasolwandle, amavalvu, amaphampu kanye nezigodlo zemikhumbi.