I-Monel 400 Nickel Alloy | I-Nickel-Copper Monel 400
Incazelo emfushane:
I-Monel 400 Nickel Alloy | I-Nickel-Copper Monel 400
Imali engu-400yin ai-nickel-copper alloy(cishe u-67% Ni – 23% Cu) ekwazi ukumelana namanzi olwandle nesitimu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nosawoti kanye nezixazululo ze-caustic.I-alloy 400iyingxube yesisombululo esiqinile esingaqiniswa kuphela ngokusebenza okubandayo. Le nickel alloy ikhombisa izici ezinjengokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukushisela okuhle namandla aphezulu. Izinga lokugqwala eliphansi emanzini anosawoti agelezayo noma olwandle ahlanganiswe nokumelana okuhle nokuqhekeka kwe-stress-corrosion emanzini amaningi ahlanzekile, kanye nokumelana kwawo nezimo ezigqwala ezihlukahlukene kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kwawo okubanzi ekusetshenzisweni olwandle nezinye izixazululo ze-chloride ezingaxubeki. Le nickel alloy imelana ikakhulukazi ne-hydrochloric kanye ne-hydrofluoric acid lapho ikhishwa umoya. Njengoba kulindelekile kokuqukethwe kwayo kwethusi okuphezulu, i-alloy400ihlaselwa ngokushesha yi-nitric acid nezinhlelo ze-ammonia.
I-Monel 400 inezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-qhwa, ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-1000° F, futhi indawo yayo yokuncibilika iwu-2370-2460° F. Nokho, ingxubevange engu-400 inamandla aphansi esimweni sokuthukuthela ngakho, ukufutheka okuhlukahlukene ingasetshenziswa ukwandisa amandla.
Amafomu Ayatholakala
- Ishidi
- Ipuleti
- Indawo yokuphuzela utshwala
- Ipayipi & Ishubhu (eshiselwe futhi ayinamthungo)
- Okokufaka (okungukuthi ama-flange, ama-slip-ons, ama-blind, ama-weld-necks, ama-lapjoint, ama-welding amade amantamo, ama-socket weld, izindololwane, ama-tee, ama-stub-end, ama-returns, amakepisi, iziphambano, izinciphisa, nezingono zamapayipi)
- Intambo
Yiziphi izici ze-Monel 400?
- Imelana namanzi olwandle kanye nesitimu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu
- Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu emanzini anosawoti agelezayo noma amanzi olwandle
- Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion emanzini amaningi ahlanzekile
- Imelana kakhulu ne-hydrochloric kanye ne-hydrofluoric acid lapho i-de-aerated
- Inikeza ukumelana okuthile ne-hydrochloric kanye ne-sulfuric acid emazingeni okushisa anesizotha nokugxila, kodwa akuvamile ukuba ibe yimpahla ekhethwayo kulawa ma-asidi.
- Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nosawoti ongathathi hlangothi kanye ne-alkaline
- Ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride
- Izakhiwo ezinhle zikagesi ukusuka emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kweziro ukuya ku-1020° F
- Ukumelana okuphezulu kuma-alkali
Ukwakhiwa Kwekhemikhali, %
| C | Mn | S | Si | Ni | Cu | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .30 ubuningi | 2.00 ubuningi | .024 ubuningi | .50 ubuningi | 63.0 imiz | 28.0-34.0 | 2.50 ubuningi |
I-Monel 400 Engavimbeli Ukugqwala
I-alloy 400icishe ivikeleke ekuqhekekeni kwe-chloride ion stress corrosion ezindaweni ezijwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuhle kakhulu ekunciphiseni izindawo, kodwa kubi kakhulu ezimweni ze-oxidizing. Ayiwusizo kuma-asidi oxidizing, njenge-nitric acid ne-nitrous. Noma kunjalo, imelana nama-alkali amaningi, usawoti, amanzi, imikhiqizo yokudla, izinto eziphilayo nezimo zomkhathi emazingeni okushisa avamile naphakeme.
Le nickel alloy ihlaselwa ngamagesi anesulfure angaphezu kuka-700° F futhi isibabule esincibilikisiwe sihlasela ingxubevange emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-500° F.
I-Monel 400 inikezela ngokumelana nokugqwala okufanayo njenge-nickel kodwa enezingcindezi eziphezulu eziphezulu zokusebenza namazinga okushisa futhi ngezindleko eziphansi ngenxa yekhono layo eliphezulu lokwenziwa ngomshini.
I-Monel 400 isetshenziswa kuziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza?
- Ubunjiniyela basolwandle
- Imishini yokucubungula amakhemikhali ne-hydrocarbon
- Amathangi kaphethiloli namanzi ahlanzekile
- I-petroleum stills engahluziwe
- Izifudumezi ezisusa umoya
- Ama-heaters amanzi okuphakelayo kanye nezinye izishintshi zokushisa
- Amavalvu, amaphampu, amashafti, okokufakwayo, nezixhumi
- Izishintshi zokushisa zezimboni
- Ama-solvents ane-chlorine
- Imibhoshongo ye-distillation kawoyela ongahluziwe
Ukwenziwa ngeMonel 400
I-alloy 400 ingashiselwa kalula nge-gas-tungsten arc, i-gas metal arc noma izinqubo ze-arc zensimbi ezivikelekile zisebenzisa izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezifanele. Asikho isidingo sokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post weld, noma kunjalo, ukuhlanzwa okuphelele ngemuva kokushisela kubalulekile ekumelaneni nokugqwala okukhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokungcola kanye ne-embrittlement.
Ukwakhiwa okuqediwe kungakhiqizwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo zemishini lapho kulawulwa kahle inani lokusebenza okushisayo noma okubandayo kanye nokukhethwa kokwelashwa okushisayo okufanelekile kwenziwa.
Njengamanye ama-nickel alloys amaningi, i-Monel 400 ivamise ukuba nzima ukuyisebenza futhi izosebenza kanzima. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emihle kakhulu ingatholwa uma wenza ukukhetha okulungile kokusebenza kwamathuluzi kanye nokwenza imishini.
Ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo
| Okubalulekile | I-ASTM A240 Standard | 201, 304 304L 304H 309S 309H 310S 310H 316 316H 316L 316Ti 317 317L 321 321H 347 347H 409 410 43S 409 |
| I-ASTM A480 Standard | 302, s30215, s30452, s30615, 308, 309, 309Cb, 310, 310Cb, S32615,S33228, S38100, 304H, 309H, 316H3H 310, 310H 310b, 310H 310, H 347H, 348H, S31060, N08811, N08020, N08367, I-N08810, N08904,N08926, S31277, S20161, S30600, S30601, S31254, S31266,S32050, S32654, S32053, S31727, S30601, S335161 03, S32001, S32550, S31260, S32003, S32101,S32205, S32304, S32506, S32520, S32750, S32760, S32900, S32906, S32950, S32974 | |
| I-JIS 4304-2005 Standard | SUS301L,SUS301J1,SUS302,SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316/316L, SUS309S, SUS310S, 3SUS21L, SUS347, SUS410L, SUS430, SUS630 | |
| I-JIS G4305 Standard | SUS301, SUS301L, SUS301J1, SUS302B, SUS304, SUS304Cu,SUS304L, SUS304N1, SUS304N2, SUS304LN, SUS304J1, SUSJ2,SUS305, SUS304S, SUS301S 15J2,SUS316, SUS316L, SUS316N, SUS316LN, SUS316Ti, SUS316J1,SUS316J1L, SUS317, SUS317L, SUS317LN, SUS317J1, SUS317J2,SUS836L, SUS890L, SUS321, SUS347, SUSXM7, SUSXM15J1, SUS329J1, SUS329J3US44, SUS29J SUS29, SUS29 SUS430, SUS430LX, SUS430J1L, SUS434, SUS436L, SUS436J1L,SUS444, SUS445J1, SUS445J2, SUS447J1, SUSXM27, SUS403,SUS410, SUS410S, SUS420J1, SUS420J2, SUS440A |
Ukucaciswa Komkhiqizo
| Qeda | Ubukhulu | Izici | Izinhlelo zokusebenza |
| No. 1 | 3.0mm ~ 50.0mm | Iqedwa ngokuginqika okushisayo, i-annealing kanye ne-picling, ebonakala ngendawo ekhethiwe emhlophe | Imishini yemboni yamakhemikhali, amathangi ezimboni |
| No. 2B | 0.3mm ~ 6.0mm | Iqedwa ukwelashwa ukushisa, pickling ngemva rolling abandayo, kulandele isikhumba pass line ukuze likhanye ngaphezulu futhi ebusweni bushelelezi | I-General Application Medical Instruments, I-Tableware |
| No. BA (Bright Annealed) | 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm | Ukwelashwa kokushisa okukhanyayo ngemva kokugoqa okubandayo | Isitsha sasekhishini, ikhishi, inhloso yezakhiwo |
| No. 4 | 0.4mm ~ 3.0mm | Ukupholisha ngeNo. 150 kuya ku-No.180 mesh abrasives. Iziqephu ezidume kakhulu | Izinsiza zokucubungula ubisi nokudla, Izinsiza Zesibhedlela, Ubhavu wokugeza |
| No. 8 | 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm | Indawo ekhanyayo efana nesibuko ngokupholishwa ngama-abrasives acolekile angaphezu kwama-mesh angu-800 | I-Reflector, i-Mirror, i-Interior-Ingaphandle umhlobiso wokwakha |
| HL(Umugqa Wezinwele) | 0.4mm ~ 3.0mm | Kuqedwe ngokupholisha komugqa okuqhubekayo | Izinjongo zezakhiwo, izitebhisi ezizihambelayo, izimoto zasekhishini |
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
| Ibanga | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Ti | N | Cu | Nb |
| 201 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | 5.50-7.50 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 3.50-5.50 | - | - | 0.05-0.25 | - | - |
| 202 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | 7.50-10.00 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 4.00-6.00 | - | - | 0.05-0.25 | - | - |
| 301 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 6.00-8.00 | - | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 302 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 303 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.2 | ≥0.15 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | ≤0.6 | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 304 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 304L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 304H | 0.04-0.1 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 304N | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | 0.10-0.16 | - | - |
| 304j1 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 6.00-9.00 | - | - | - | 1.00-3.00 | - |
| 305 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 10.50-13.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 309S | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 22.00-24.00 | 12.00-15.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 310S | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 24.00-26.00 | 19.00-22.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 316 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 316L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 12.00-15.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 316H | ≤0.1 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 316N | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | 0.10-0.16 | - | - |
| 316Ti | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-19.00 | 11.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | ≥5C | - | - | - |
| 317L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 11.00-15.00 | 3.00-4.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 321 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-12.00 | - | 5C-0.7 | - | - | - |
| 347 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-12.00 | - | - | - | - | 10C-1.10 |
| 347H | ≤0.1 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-12.00 | - | - | - | - | 8C-1.10 |
| 2205 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 21.00-24.00 | 4.50-6.50 | 2.50-3.50 | - | 0.08-0.20 | - | - |
| 2507 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.8 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.02 | 24.00-26.00 | 6.00-8.00 | 3.00-5.00 | - | 0.24-0.32 | - | - |
| 904L | ≤0.02 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 19.00-23.00 | 23.00-28.00 | 4.00-5.00 | - | - | 1.00-2.00 | - |
| C276 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.05 | ≤1.0 | - | - | 14.00-16.50 | Okunye | - | - | - | - | - |
| I-Monel400 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤2.0 | - | ≤0.024 | - | ≥63 | - | - | - | 28-34 | - |
| 409L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 410 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 11.50-13.50 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 410L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 11.50-13.50 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 420j1 | 0.16-0.25 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 12.00-14.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 420j2 | 0.26-0.40 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 12.00-14.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 430 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 436L | ≤0.025 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-19.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 439 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 440A | 0.60-0,75 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | ≤0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 440B | 0.75-0.95 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | ≤0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 440C | 0.95-1.2 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | ≤0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 441 | ≤0.03 | 0.2-0.8 | ≤0.7 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.015 | 17.50-18.50 | - | ≤0.5 | 0.1-0.5 | ≤0.025 | - | 0.3+3C-0.9 |
Thinabopha imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali ngephepha elilwa nokugqwala namasongo ensimbi ukuze uvimbele umonakalo.
Amalebula okuhlonza amakwe ngokuya ngemininingwane ejwayelekile noma imiyalelo yekhasimende.
Ukupakisha okukhethekile kuyatholakala ngokwemfuneko yekhasimende ngalinye.
Iphakheji Yekhoyili Yensimbi Engagqwali
Ishidi Lensimbi Engagqwali / Iphakheji Lepuleti Lensimbi Engagqwali
Iphakheji ye-Stainless Steel Strip
Iphakheji Lokuthumela
Inkampani yethu izinze eWuxi, iqoqa idolobha lezimboni zensimbi engagqwali eChina.
Sasebenza ngokukhethekile ngamakhoyili angagqwali, amashidi kanye nepuleti, ipayipi nokufakwa kwensimbi engagqwali, amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-aluminium nemikhiqizo yethusi.
Imikhiqizo yethu iye yanconywa kakhulu ngamakhasimende ethu avela eYurophu, eMelika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Sizohlinzeka ngemikhiqizo encintisanayo kanye nesevisi ephelele kumakhasimende.
Ibanga Lensimbi Engagqwali: 201, 202, 202cu, 204, 204cu, 303, 304, 304L, 308, 308L, 309, 309s, 310, 310s, 316, 3160, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 0, 430F, 440, 440c,
Ibanga le-alloy :Monel, Inconel, Hastolley, Duplex, Super Duplex, Titanium, Tantalum, High Speed Steel, Mild Steel, Aluminium, Alloy Steel, Carbon Steel, Special Nickel Alloys
Ngendlela: Amabha Ajikelezayo, Amabha Ayisikwele, Amabha Anezinhlangothi, Amabha Ayisicaba, Ama-engeli, Amashaneli, Amaphrofayili, Izintambo, Izinduku Zocingo, Amashidi, Amapuleti, Amapayipi Angenamthungo, Amapayipi E-ERW, Ama-Flanges, Okokufakwayo, njll.
Q1: Yini i-stainless?
IMP: I-stainless isho ukuthi akukho zimpawu endaweni yensimbi, noma uhlobo lwensimbi olungalimazi umoya noma amanzi futhi olungashintshi umbala, olungenabala, olumelana nokungcoliswa, ukugqwala, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali.
Q2: Ingabe i-stainless isho ukuthi akukho ukugqwala?
IMP: Cha, ibala lisho ukuthi akulula ukuthi libe namabala noma ukugqwala, linamandla akhethekile okumelana namabala, ukugqwala kanye nokugqwala.
Q3: Ingabe uhlinzeka ngamashidi ensimbi engagqwali?
A: Yebo, sihlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamashidi ensimbi engagqwali, anobubanzi obusuka ku-0.3-3.0mm. futhi emaphethelweni ahlukene.
Q4: Ingabe uyayamukela isevisi yokusika ukuze ubude?
IMP: Impela, ukwaneliseka kwekhasimende yinto yethu ehamba phambili.
Q5: Uma ngine-oda elincane, uyalamukela i-oda elincane?
A: Akuyona inkinga, ukukhathazeka kwakho ukukhathazeka kwethu, amanani amancane ayamukelwa.
Q6: Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wakho?
IMP: Okokuqala, zisuka nje, sesivele sifake umoya ezingqondweni zabo, okungukuthi ikhwalithi yokuphila, abasebenzi bethu abangochwepheshe kanye nezinduku bazolandela zonke izinyathelo kuze kube yilapho izimpahla zipakishwa kahle futhi zithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Q7: Ingabe uzopakisha imikhiqizo?
A: Abantu abangochwepheshe benza ukupakisha okuchwepheshile, sinezinhlobo ezahlukene zokupakisha ozikhethela kumakhasimende, elomnotho noma elingcono.
Q8: Yini okudingeka uyazi kukhasimende ngaphambi kwekhotheshini enembile?
IMP: Ukuze uthole ikhotheshini enembile, sidinga ukwazi ibanga, ukujiya, ubukhulu, ukuphela kwendawo, umbala kanye nenani le-oda lakho, kanye nendawo okuyiwa kuyo impahla. Ulwazi lomkhiqizo owenziwe ngokwezifiso luzodingeka kakhulu, njengokudweba, isakhiwo nohlelo. Ngemuva kwalokho sizonikeza ikhotheshini yokuncintisana nolwazi olungenhla.
Q9: Hlobo luni lwesikhathi sokukhokha owamukelayo?
A: Samukela i-T/T, i-West union, i-L/C.
Q10: Uma leli kuyi-oda elincane, ungaletha izimpahla kumenzeli wethu?
IMPENDULO: Yebo, sizalelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga zamakhasimende ethu, sizothola izimpahla ngokuphephile endaweni egcina impahla yomenzeli wakho futhi sikuthumelele izithombe.
Q11: Ingabe wenza ishidi eliyisicaba? Ngifuna ukwenza ukwakheka kwephrojekthi yami entsha.
A: Cha, sikhiqiza ikakhulukazi insimbi engagqwali yokwelashwa kweshidi eliyisicaba, ngesikhathi esifanayo, senza ngokwezifiso umkhiqizo oqediwe wensimbi njengomdwebo nohlelo lwekhasimende ngalinye, uchwepheshe wethu uzonakekela okunye.
Q12: Mangaki ama-coutries osuwathengisile?
A: Ithunyelwa emazweni angaphezu kuka-50 ikakhulukazi eMelika, Russia, UK, Kuwait, Egypt, Iran,
Turkey, Jordan, njll.
Q13: Ngingawathola kanjani amasampuli?
A: Amasampuli amancane esitolo futhi angahlinzeka ngamasampula mahhala. I-Catalgue iyatholakala, iningi
amaphethini sinamasampula alungile esitokweni. Amasampula enziwe ngokwezifiso azothatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Q14: Kuyini ukulethwa?
A: Isikhathi sokulethwa kwe-oda lesampula izinsuku ezi-5-7. Ama-oda wesitsha cishe izinsuku eziyi-15-20.
Q15: Luyini uhlelo lokusebenza ngeMikhiqizo yakho?
A: Umnyango we-elevator/cabin noma nodonga oluseceleni lwezitezi ezizihambelayo.
2.Udonga ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwegumbi/indawo yokudlela.
3.I-Facade uma uvala into ethile, njengamakholomu endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi.
4.Ceiling in the supermarket. 5.Imidwebo yokuhlobisa kwezinye izindawo zokuzijabulisa.
Q16: Ungaqinisekisa isikhathi esingakanani ngalo Mkhiqizo/Uqede?
A: Isiqinisekiso sombala iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Isitifiketi sekhwalithi yezinto zoqobo singa
ukuhlinzekwa.
