Njengocingo olumhlophe lwepikethi, ucingo lwentsimbi engenasici - luhlala kwindawo yaseNew York kunye nabaninimzi abaxineneyo baseAsia - luvusa imvakalelo eyenziweyo, kodwa iyakhazimla ngakumbi.
Kwizitrato ezihlala eFlushing, eQueens, naseSunset Park, eBrooklyn, phantse zonke ezinye izindlu zineentsimbi zentsimbi. izikipa.
“Ukuba unemali eyongezelelweyo, kuya kufuneka uhlale usiya elona khetho lingcono,” watsho uDilip Banerjee, ekhomba kucingo olusetyenziweyo lommelwane, ehleli kwi-sheen yocingo lwakhe lwentsimbi, ii-handrails, iingcango kunye ne-awnings. Kwamxabisa malunga nee-R2,800 ukongeza kwindlu yakhe ephantsi enemigangatho emibini eFlushing.
Njengocingo olumhlophe, olude luphawu lwento ebizwa ngokuba yi-American Dream, ucingo lwentsimbi engenasici luquka ingqiqo efanayo yobuchwephesha. i-zigzags kwincasa yomenzi, eyenzelwe wena kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa, kubandakanywa iintyatyambo zelotus, iisimboli "om" kunye neepateni zejometri. Ebusuku, izibane zesitrato kunye nezibane zemoto zigqithisa ukukhazimula kwensimbi engenasici, engenzi, kwaye ingenzi. , ibube sebumnyameni njengentsimbi ekhandiweyo. Ngelixa abanye benokoyika ukukhazimla, ukuma ngaphandle kuyiloo nto kanye ekuyiyo – ucingo lwentsimbi engenasici luphawu olungenakuphikiswa lokuba abaninimzi bafikile.
“Ngokuqinisekileyo luphawu lokufika kwabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi, ngakumbi kwabo babuyela ekhaya okokuqala,” utshilo uThomas Campanella, umbhali-mbali wokucwangciswa kwedolophu kunye nendawo eyakhiwe ezidolophini kwiYunivesithi yaseCornell. "Intsimbi engenasici inento yobume."
Ukunyuka kwezi cingo—ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala kumakhaya anentsapho enye, kodwa nakwiindawo zokutyela, iicawa, iiofisi zoogqirha, njalo njalo—kwangqamana nokwanda kwabantu baseAsia baseMerika eNew York. Abemi beSiqithi sePasifiki lelona qela lobuhlanga likhula ngokukhawuleza esixekweni, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2010, bekukho ngaphezulu kwe-750,000 yabaphambukeli baseAsia nakwiSiqithi sePasifiki eNew York, kwaye ngo-2019, elo nani lalikhule laya kutsho phantse kuma-845,000. Esi sixeko safumanisa ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo bafuduki bahlala eQueens. Ngokungqinelanayo, uMnumzana Campanella uqikelela ukuba ucingo lwensimbi engenasici lwaqala ukuvela eNew York ngexesha elifanayo.
UGaribaldi Lind, umhlali wasePuerto Rican ohlale eSunset Park amashumi eminyaka, uthe ucingo luqale ukunwenwa xa abamelwane bakhe baseSpanishi bafuduka bathengisa amakhaya abo kubathengi baseTshayina. Phezulu phaya, kukho ezinye ezintathu.”
Kodwa abanye abaninimzi basamkele isitayile socingo.” Kuyo yonke iQueens Village kunye neRichmond Hill, ukuba ubona ucingo olunje, luhlala lusapho lwamaIndiya aseNtshona,” utshilo umthengisi wezindlu waseGuyana uFarida Gulmohamad.
Azithandwa ngumntu wonke.” Nam andingomlandeli. Azinakuthintelwa, kodwa ziyinto engaqhelekanga, ziyabengezela kakhulu, okanye ziyamangalisa,” utshilo uRafael Rafael, umfoti wazo zonke iindawo zokuhlala zaseQueens. URafael Herrin-Ferri uthe. ”Banomgangatho obukhali kakhulu. I-Queens inezinto ezininzi ezinqabileyo, ezingabizi, kodwa azidibanisi okanye zincedisana nayo nayiphi na enye into. "
Sekunjalo, nangona i-gaudy kunye nendalo yabo ekhanyayo, iingcingo zisebenza kwaye zingabizi kakhulu ukuzigcina kunezicingo zentsimbi kunye nepeyinti exobukayo.
"Abantu base-Asiya baseMzantsi kunye nabase-Asiya baseMpuma babonakala bekhetha insimbi engenasici kuba ibonakala intle," watsho uPriya Kandhai, umthengisi wezindlu zaseQueens ohlala edwelisa i-Ozone Park kunye ne-Jamaica.
Uthe xa ebonisa abathengi le ndlu enocingo olubiyelweyo kunye ne-awning, bavakalelwa kukuba ixabiseke ngakumbi kwaye yala maxesha, ifana nefriji yentsimbi engatyiwa ekhitshini endaweni yeplastiki emhlophe.
Yaqalwa eNgilani ngo-1913. Yaqala ukwamkelwa kwabantu abaninzi e-China ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kunye no-1990, ngokutsho kukaTim Collins, unobhala jikelele weWorld Stainless Steel Association, umbutho wophando olusekelwe eBrussels.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, “intsimbi engenastainless iye yaqondwa ngokubanzi njengezinto ezihlala ixesha elide ezinxulumene nayo,” utshilo uMnumzana Collins. .” Intsimbi esetyenzisiweyo, ngokuchaseneyo, kunzima ukwenza ngokwezifiso, wongezelela.
Umnumzana Collins uthe ukuthandwa kweengcingo zentsimbi kunganxulunyaniswa “nabantu abafuna ukukhumbula bobabini ilifa labo kwaye bamkele into enokuvakala ngoku”.
UWu Wei, unjingalwazi osebenzisana naye kwiSikolo sezoLwakhiwo kunye noCwangciso lweeDolophu kwiYunivesithi yaseNanjing, uthe amashishini amaninzi abucala entsimbi engenastainless asekwa eJiangsu naseZhejiang ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000. UNksz Wu, okhumbula imveliso yokuqala yensimbi engenasici kwikhaya lakhe yayiyi-sink yemifuno. Kwiminyaka ye-90, iimveliso zensimbi ezingenasici zazibhekwa njengexabiso, kodwa namhlanje "zikho kuyo yonke indawo, wonke umntu unokuba nayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uyisebenzise ngoku. ," uthe.
NgokukaNksk. Wu, uyilo oluhonjisiweyo locingo lunokuvela kwisithethe saseTshayina sokongeza iipateni ezilungileyo kwizinto zemihla ngemihla. Uthe iimpawu ezintle ezifana neempawu zesiTshayina (ezifana nentsikelelo), iikhreyini ezimhlophe ezimele ubomi obude, kunye neentyatyambo ezimele iintyatyambo zihlala zifumaneka. "kwiindawo zokuhlala zesiNtu zaseTshayina" .Kwabazizityebi, ezi zakhiwo zomfuziselo zaba lukhetho lobuhle, utshilo uNksz Wu.
Abaphambukeli bamaTshayina abafudukela eUnited States kwiminyaka yakutshanje bazise olu nxulumano lwentsimbi engenastainless. Njengoko iivenkile zokwenza ucingo lwentsimbi zaqalisa ukuvela eQueens naseBrooklyn, abantu baseNew York abaneemvelaphi ezahlukahlukeneyo baqalisa ukufaka ezi ngcingo.
UCindy Chen, oneminyaka engama-38 ubudala, isizukulwana sokuqala sokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, wafaka amasango ensimbi engenasici, umnyango kunye neefestile zokugada kwindlu awakhulela kuyo e-China.Xa ekhangela indawo yokuhlala eNew York, wayesazi ukuba ufuna enye ngokhuseleko lwensimbi engenasici.
Ukhuphe intloko yakhe kwiifestile zentsimbi zokukhusela kwigumbi lakhe lokuhlala e-Sunset Park, esithi “kuba ayivuthi kwaye kukhululekile ukuhlala kuyo,” amaTshayina athanda ukuyithanda intsimbi. “Yenza ukuba indlu ibonakale intsha kwaye intle ngakumbi,” utshilo, esongeza, “Uninzi lwezindlu ezisanda kulungiswa ngaphaya kwesitalato zinemveliso yentsimbi.” Iingcingo zentsimbi kunye noonogada bamenza azive ekhuselekile. (Ukusukela ngo-2020, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo olwabangelwa ngubhubhani kubantu base-Asia baseMelika luye lwanda eNew York, kwaye abantu abaninzi base-Asiya baseMelika bebelumkele uhlaselo.)
Umnumzana Banerjee, oneminyaka engama-77, owasuka eKolkata, eIndiya, ngeminyaka yoo-1970, uthe wayehlala elambile. umphezulu womnyango ohonjiswe ngeentsimbi zentsimbi.
Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wawukumzi-mveliso wejute e-India.Xa wayeqala ukufika eNew York, wantlitheka kwiiflethi zabahlobo abahlukahlukeneyo.Waqalisa ukufaka izicelo zemisebenzi awayeyibona kumaphephandaba waza ekugqibeleni waqeshwa njengenjineli yinkampani.
Emva kokuzinza ngo-1998, uMnumzana Banerjee wathenga indlu ahlala kuyo ngoku, kwaye ukutyhubela iminyaka uye wayilungisa ngokucokisekileyo yonke indawo yendlu ukuze ihambelane nombono wakhe - ikhaphethi, iifestile, igaraji kwaye, ewe, iingcingo zatshintshwa zonke. “Ucingo luyikhusela yonke. Iyakhula ngexabiso,” utsho ngokuzingca.
U-Hui Zhenlin, oneminyaka engama-64, ohlale kwindlu yase-Sunset Park iminyaka eli-10, uthe iingcango zentsimbi zendlu yakhe kunye neentsimbi zazikhona ngaphambi kokuba angene, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zaziyinxalenye yesibongozo sepropathi. 'zicocekile,” watsho. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba zipeyintwe okwentsimbi kwaye zibonakale zikhazimlisiwe ngokwendalo.
UZou Xiu, oneminyaka engama-48, owafudukela kwiflethi e-Sunset Park kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo, uthe uziva ekhululekile ukuhlala kwikhaya elineengcango zentsimbi.” Balungile,” utshilo. zikhuseleke ngakumbi.”
Emva kwayo kukho zonke iimenzi zentsimbi. Phantsi kweFlushing's College Point Boulevard, kukho iivenkile ezithengisa izinto ezenziwe ngentsimbi engatyiwa kunye namagumbi omboniso. Ngaphakathi, abasebenzi banokubona intsimbi inyibilikiswa yaye ibunjwa ukuze ilingane noyilo oluqhelekileyo, iintlantsi ziphaphazela kuyo yonke indawo, yaye iindonga zigqunywe ngentsimbi. iipatheni zomnyango wesampula.
Ngentsasa yaphakathi evekini ngale ntlakohlaza, uChuan Li, oneminyaka engama-37, ongumnini-ndawonye weGolden Metal 1 Inc., wayethethathethana ngamaxabiso nabanye babaxumi ababeze kufuna umsebenzi wokubiyela isiko. Malunga neminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo, uMnu. eUnited States esuka eWenzhou, eTshayina, kwaye usebenze kwisinyithi isithuba esingaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. Ufunde umsebenzi wobugcisa eNew York ngelixa esebenza kwivenkile yoyilo lwekhitshi eFlushing.
KuMnu Lee, umsebenzi wentsimbi yindlela yokufikelela esiphelweni kunobizo. Kwafuneka ndiziphilise. Uyasazi thina maTshayina – siphuma emsebenzini, siya emsebenzini yonke imihla,” utshilo.
Uthi akakhe afake ucingo lwentsimbi ekhayeni lakhe, nangona ixesha lakhe elininzi uchitha elungisa izinto.” Andiyithandi nanye kuzo kwaphela. Ndibukela ezi zinto yonke imihla, utshilo uMnu Lee.” Endlini yam, sisebenzisa kuphela ucingo lweplastiki.
Kodwa uMnumzana Li wanika umxhasi oko akuthandayo, ukuyila ucingo emva kokudibana nomthengi, owamxelela ukuba yeyiphi ipateni ayithandayo. Emva koko waqalisa ukuhlanganisa izinto ezikrwada, ezigoba, eziwelda, waza ekugqibeleni wayipolisha imveliso egqityiweyo. . U-Lee ubiza malunga ne-75 yeedola ngenyawo ngomsebenzi ngamnye.
“Yikuphela kwento esinokuyenza xa sifika apha,” utshilo uHao Weian, oneminyaka engama-51, ongumnini weXin Tengfei eStainless Steel.
UMnumzana Ann unonyana ekholejini, kodwa unethemba lokuba akazukuzuza njengelifa ishishini losapho.” Andizi kumvumela ukuba asebenze apha,” watsho.” Jonga kum – ndinxiba imaski yonke imihla. Akunjalo ngenxa yobhubhane, kungenxa yokuba kukho uthuli nomsi omninzi apha. ”
Ngelixa izinto zisenokungabi mnandi kakhulu kubavelisi, kumzobi kunye nomkroli we-Flushing u-Anne Wu, ucingo lwensimbi engenasici lunike inkuthazo eninzi. ukufakwa kwentsimbi enkulu engatyiwayo.” Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa uhamba esixekweni, ulwalamano lwabantu kwizinto eziphathekayo luyinkangeleko, into abayijongileyo ngaphandle. Kodwa bendifuna esi siqwenga sithathe indawo eyaneleyo ukuze umbukeli azive ngathi angahamba kuyo, ”utshilo uNksz Wu, oneminyaka engama-30.
Isixhobo kudala siyinto enomdla kaNks. Wu. Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, ebukele ummelwane kamama wakhe eFlushing kancinane ekhukula ngokucotha ngezinto zentsimbi, waqala ukuqokelela izinto ezilahliweyo azifumene kwishishini likaFlushing. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngelixa wayetyelele izalamane ezisemaphandleni eFujian, eTshayina, wachukumiseka kukubona isango elikhulu lentsimbi ecocekileyo phakathi kweentsika ezimbini zamatye.
“Ukuzigungxula ngumhlaba onomdla kakhulu kodwa ontsokothileyo, apho bonke abantu abohlukeneyo badibana kwindawo enye,” utshilo uNksk. Wu. imbonakalo-mhlaba. Kwinqanaba lezinto eziphathekayo, intsimbi ibonisa yonke into ejikelezileyo, ngoko ke idibanisa kwimo engqongileyo ngelixa ihlala inesibindi kwaye ikhupha. Jongisisa i."
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-08-2022