Ubhedu, iBrass kunye neBronze, ngenye indlela eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Red Metals", zinokujongeka zifana ekuqaleni kodwa eneneni zahluke kakhulu.
Ubhedu
I-Copper isetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ngenxa ye-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane kunye ne-thermal, amandla amahle, ukubunjwa kakuhle kunye nokuchasana nokubola. Izifakelo zemibhobho kunye nemibhobho zidla ngokuveliswa kwezi zinyithi ngenxa yokunganyangeki kokuhlwa kwazo. Ziyakwazi ukuthengiswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziboshwe, kwaye ezininzi zinokudityaniswa ngegesi eyahlukeneyo, i-arc kunye neendlela zokuchasa. Ziyakwazi ukugudiswa kwaye zinyanzeliswe phantse nakuphi na ukuthungwa okufunwayo kunye nokucwebezela.
Kukho amabakala eCopper engafakwanga, kwaye anokwahluka kwisixa sobumdaka obuqulethwe. Amabakala obhedu angenawo oksijini asetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi apho kufuneka khona i-conductivity ephezulu kunye ne-ductility.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zobhedu kukukwazi ukulwa neebhaktheriya. Emva kovavanyo olubanzi lwe-antimicrobial yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ii-alloys zobhedu ezingama-355, kubandakanywa neebrasi ezininzi, zafunyanwa zibulala ngaphezu kwe-99.9% yeebhaktheriya kwiiyure ezimbini zoqhagamshelwano. Ukungcoliswa okuqhelekileyo kwafunyaniswa ukuba kungaphazamisi ukusebenza kwe-antimicrobial.
Izicelo zobhedu
Ubhedu lwaluyenye yezona zimbiwa zokuqala ezafunyanwayo. AmaGrike namaRoma ayesenza izixhobo zokuhombisa, yaye kukho neenkcukacha zembali ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kobhedu ukuze kuhlanjululwe amanxeba nokuhlambulula amanzi okusela. Namhlanje ifumaneka kakhulu kwizinto zombane ezifana ne-wiring ngenxa yokukwazi ukuqhuba ngokufanelekileyo umbane.
Ubhedu
Ubhedu ikakhulu yi-alloy equkethe ubhedu kunye ne-zinc eyongeziweyo. Iibrasi zinokuba nezixa ezahlukeneyo ze-zinc okanye ezinye izinto ezongeziweyo. Le mixube ehlukeneyo ivelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweepropati kunye nokwahluka kombala. Izixa ezongeziweyo ze-zinc zibonelela ngezinto eziphuculweyo zamandla kunye ne-ductility. Ubhedu lunokuba nombala obomvu ukuya kumthubi kuxhomekeke kubungakanani be-zinc eyongezwe kwi-alloy.
- Ukuba umxholo we-zinc wobhedu usuka kwi-32% ukuya kwi-39%, uya kuba nokwandisa amandla okusebenza okushushu kodwa ukusebenza okubandayo kuya kunqunyulwa.
- Ukuba ubhedu luqulethe ngaphezu kwe-39% ye-zinc (umzekelo - i-Muntz Metal), iya kuba namandla aphezulu kunye ne-ductility ephantsi (kwiqondo lokushisa).
Izicelo zobhedu
I-Brass isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinjongo zokuhombisa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokufana kwayo negolide. Ikwayinto eqhelekileyo ukwenza izixhobo zomculo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokuqina.
Ezinye iiAlloys zeBrass
I-Tin Brass
Le yi-alloy equkethe ubhedu, i-zinc kunye ne-tin. Eli qela lealloyi liza kubandakanya i-admiralty brass, i-naval brass kunye ne-machining brass yasimahla. I-tin yongezwe ukuthintela i-dezincification (i-leaching ye-zinc kwi-alloys yobhedu) kwiindawo ezininzi. Eli qela linovakalelo oluphantsi kwi-dezincification, amandla aphakathi, ukuxhathisa kwe-atmospheric kunye ne-aqueous corrosion resistance kunye ne-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane. Banezinto ezintle ezishushu zokubaleka kunye nokumila kakuhle okubandayo. Ezi ngxubevange ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwenza iziqhoboshi, izixhobo zaselwandle, iinxalenye zoomatshini bezikrufu, iishafti zempompo kunye neemveliso zoomatshini ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokudleka.
Ubhedu
I-Bronze yi-alloy equkethe ngokuyinhloko ubhedu kunye nokongezwa kwezinye izithako. Kwiimeko ezininzi isithako esongeziweyo siyi-tin, kodwa i-arsenic, i-phosphorus, i-aluminium, i-manganese, kunye ne-silicon ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iipropati ezahlukeneyo kwizinto eziphathekayo. Zonke ezi zithako zivelisa i-alloy enzima kakhulu kunobhedu kuphela.
Ibronzi ibonakala ngombala wayo omdaka-bugolide. Ungawubona kwakhona umahluko phakathi kobhedu nobhedu kuba ubhedu luya kuba namakhonkco abuthathaka kumphezulu walo.
Usetyenziso lweBronze
Ubhedu lusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo, izixhobo zomculo kunye neendondo, nakwizicelo zemizi-mveliso ezifana ne-bushings kunye neebheringi, apho isinyithi sayo esiphantsi kwi-friction yentsimbi iluncedo. Ibronzi nayo ineentshukumo zaselwandle ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo ekudlekeni.
Ezinye iiAlloys zeBronzi
Ibronzi yePhosphor (okanye iBronzi yeTin)
Le alloy ngokuqhelekileyo inomxholo we-tin ukusuka kwi-0.5% ukuya kwi-1.0%, kunye noluhlu lwe-phosphorous lwe-0.01% ukuya kwi-0.35%. Ezi alloys ziphawuleka ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukomelela, i-coefficient ephantsi ye-friction, ukumelana nokudinwa okuphezulu, kunye nokutya okuziinkozo. Umxholo we-tin unyusa ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kunye namandla okuqina, ngelixa umxholo we-phosphorous unyusa ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokuqina. Olunye usebenziso oluqhelekileyo lwale mveliso lunokuba ziimveliso zombane, imivumbo, izithombo, iiwasha, izixhobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa.
I-Aluminiyam yoBronzi
Oku kunoluhlu lwe-aluminium ye-6% - 12%, i-iron content ye-6% (max), kunye ne-nickel content ye-6% (max). Ezi zongezo ezidibeneyo zinika amandla okwandisiweyo, zidibaniswe nokuchasana okugqwesileyo kwi-corrosion kunye nokugqoka. Esi sixhobo siqhele ukusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izixhobo zaselwandle, iibheringi zemikhono kunye neempompo okanye iivalvu ezibamba ulwelo oludlekayo.
I-Silicon Bronze
Le yi-alloy enokugubungela zombini ubhedu kunye nobhedu (iibrasi ze-silicon ezibomvu kunye ne-bronze ye-silicon ebomvu). Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulethe i-20% ye-zinc kunye ne-6% ye-silicon. Ubhedu olubomvu lunamandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa izikhondo zevalvu. Ubhedu olubomvu lufana kakhulu kodwa lunezinki ezisezantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwempompo kunye nezixhobo zevalve.
I-Nickel Brass (okanye iSilivere yeNickel)
Le yi-alloy equkethe ubhedu, i-nickel kunye ne-zinc. I-nickel inika izinto ezibonakalayo malunga nembonakalo yesilivere. Lo mathiriyeli unamandla aphakathi kunye nokumelana nokugqwesa okulungileyo. Esi sixhobo ngokuqhelekileyo sisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zomculo, izixhobo zokutya kunye neziselo, izixhobo zokukhanya, kunye nezinye izinto apho i-aesthetics iyinto ebalulekileyo.
I-nickel yobhedu (okanye i-Cupronickel)
Le yingxubevange enokuthi iqulathe naphi na ukusuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-30% ye-nickel. Esi sixhobo sinokumelana ne-corrosion ephezulu kakhulu kwaye inozinzo lwe-thermal. Esi sixhobo sikwabonisa ukunyamezela okuphezulu kakhulu kwi-corrosion cracking phantsi koxinzelelo kunye ne-oxidation kwindawo yomoya okanye umoya omanzi. Umxholo we-nickel ophezulu kule nto iya kuba nokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola emanzini olwandle, kunye nokuchasana nokungcoliswa kwebhayoloji yaselwandle. Esi sixhobo siqhele ukusetyenziswa ekwenzeni iimveliso ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zaselwandle, iivalvu, iimpompo kunye neenqwelo zeenqanawa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2020