Ingxubevange 20 / UNS N08020 / W.Nr. 2.4660
Inkcazelo emfutshane:
Ingxubevange 20 / UNS N08020 / W.Nr. 2.4660
Ingxubevange 20 / UNS N08020 / W.Nr. 2.4660
Inkcazo
I-alloy 20 yi-nickel-iron-chromium esekelwe, i-alloy ye-austenitic ene-corrosion resistant egqwesileyo kwiindawo zeekhemikhali eziqulethe i-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye neminye imithombo yeendaba ezinobundlobongela. Le alloy izinzile kunye ne-niobium ukuxhathisa i-intergranular corrosion. I-alloy 20 inokubonelela ngokulondolozwa kweendleko ezinokubakho xa kuthelekiswa ngokucophelela ne-alloys ephezulu ye-nickel-based, ngelixa ikhupha iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ezingenasici.
Amashishini kunye nezicelo
I-alloy 20 isetyenziswe kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukucutshungulwa kweekhemikhali, i-petrochemical kunye nokucoca, i-marine, i-pharmaceutical and processing processing. Ukuphela kokusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kubandakanya iitanki zokugcina, iitanki zokuxuba, ii-agitators, iipompo kunye neengxenye zevalve, izixhobo zokulungisa ukutya, i-fasteners kunye nezixhobo. Usetyenziso lulinganiselwe kubushushu obuphezulu obuyi-1000°F nge-ASME nganye. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukumisela ukuba ukuxhathisa okuyimfuneko kunokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwendawo enikiweyo.
Ukuxhathisa kwiCorrosion
I-alloy 20 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric. Le alloy ikwabonisa ukuxhathisa okufanelekileyo kwi-asidi ye-phosphoric, i-nitric acid kunye nezisombululo zetyuwa ezimanzi. Ingxubevange engama-20 lolona khetho lubalaseleyo xa i-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking ingumba, njengoko imelana ne-pitting kunye ne-crevice corrosion. Isilumkiso kufuneka sithathwe kwi-ion ye-chloride equlethe iindawo ezisingqongileyo kuba izinga lokubola linganyuka kakhulu.
Ukwenziwa kunye noNyango loBushushu
I-alloy 20 inokusekwa ngokusebenza okushushu okanye okubandayo usebenzisa iindlela zemveli. Izinto ezishushu ezibunjiweyo kufuneka zifudunyezwe phakathi kwe-2100 ° F kunye ne-2250 ° F kunye nolawulo olululo lobushushu luqinisekisa ukuba izinto aziwi ngaphantsi kwe-1800 ° F ngaphambi kokwenza. Emva kokusebenza okushushu, tshisa i-material ngokufudumeza ukuya kwi-1725 ° F kunye ne-1850 ° F ubuncinane bemizuzu engama-30 nge-intshi yobukhulu obulandelwa kukucima kwamanzi.
Xa ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo kunqweneleka, ubushushu bobushushu obungaphantsi kwe-1000 ° F bulandelwa kukucinywa kwamanzi emva kokumiselwa kwexesha elifunekayo kwiqondo lobushushu. I-Annealing Alloy 20 kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-1725 ° F kunye ne-1850 ° F imizuzu engama-30 kwiqondo lokushisa nge-intshi nganye yobukhulu. Ubulukhuni obusezantsi bunokufumaneka ngokufudumeza ukuya kwi-2100 ° F kodwa bakhe bunokuba nefuthe elibi ekuzinziseni kwe-alloy.
I-Welding Alloy 20 idlalwa ngokuqhelekileyo nge-TIG, i-MIG kunye ne-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi (SAW) usebenzisa nokuba i-metal filler ehambelanayo, i-ER320LR ye-TIG kunye ne-MIG kunye ne-E320LR ye-SAW. Xa ukuwelda kwii-alloys ezingafaniyo ezifana ne-316 okanye ii-alloys eziphezulu ezifana ne-C276 kunyeIngxubevange 22, I-AWS ERNiCrMo-3 ingasetyenziselwa i-TIG kunye ne-MIG ngelixa usebenzisa i-ENiCrMo-3 ye-SAW.
Amagama oRhwebo aQhelekileyo
INCOLOY®ingxubevange 20, Carpenter® 20 ingxubevange, 20CB-3®
INCOLOY® luphawu lwentengiso olubhalisiweyo lweSpecial Metals Corporation iqela leenkampani.
I-Carpenter® kunye ne-20CB-3® ziimpawu zorhwebo ezibhalisiweyo ze-Carpenter.
Ukwakhiwa kwemichiza (%)
| (Fe) Intsimbi | Intsalela |
| (Ni) Nickel | 32.00 ukuba 38.00 |
| (Cr) I-Chromium | 19.00 ukuba 21.00 |
| (Cu) Ubhedu | 3.00 ukuba 4.00 |
| (Mo) Molybdenum | 2.00 ukuba 3.00 |
| (Mn) IManganese | 2.00 ubuninzi |
| (Nb+Ta) Niobium* + Tantalum | (8 x C) ukuya ku-1.00 |
| (Si) Silicon | 1.00 max |
| (C) Ikhabhoni | 0.07 ubuninzi |
| (P) Iphosphorus | 0.045 ubuninzi |
| (S) Isulfure | 0.035 ubuninzi |
*I-Niobium (Nb) eyayifudula ihlelwa njengeColumbium (Cb).
Iinkcukacha eziSebenzayo*
| Ifom | I-ASTM | ASME |
| Ibha | B473 | SB473 |
| Icwecwe kunye nepleyiti | B463 | SB463 |
| Umbhobho ongenamthungo kunye neThubhu | B729 | SB729 |
| Umbhobho odityanisiweyo | B464, B4741 | SB464, SB474 |
| Umbhobho odityanisiweyo | B468 | SB468 |
* I-EN10204-3.1 isebenza kuzo zonke iifom zemveliso.
1Imathiriyeli yombhobho edityanisiweyo yoMbane kuphela.
IBanga leMathiriyeli
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Umgangatho we-ASTM A240 | 201, 304 304L 304H 309S 309H 310S 310H 316 316H 316L 316Ti 317 317L 321 321H 347 347H 409 410 40009 |
| Umgangatho we-ASTM A480 | 302, s30215, s30452, s30615, 308, 309, 309Cb, 310, 310Cb, S32615,S33228, S38100, 304H, 309H, 316HHH 310HHH 321H,347H, 348H, S31060, N08811, N08020, N08367, N08810, N08904,N08926, S31277, S20161, S30600, S30601, S31225, S31225, S31225 S32654, S32053, S31727, S33228, S34565, S35315, S31200, S31803, S32001, S32550, S31260, S32003, S32101, S322054, S32205 S32520, S32750, S32760, S32900, S32906, S32950, S32974 | |
| I-JIS 4304-2005 Standard | SUS301L,SUS301J1,SUS302,SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316/316L, SUS309S, SUS310S, 3SUS21L, SUS347, SUS410L, SUS430, SUS630 | |
| Umgangatho we-JIS G4305 | SUS301, SUS301L, SUS301J1, SUS302B, SUS304, SUS304Cu,SUS304L, SUS304N1, SUS304N2, SUS304LN, SUS304J1, SUSJ2,SUS305, SUS301SS3012S SUS315J1, SUS315J2,SUS316, SUS316L, SUS316N, SUS316LN, SUS316Ti, SUS316J1,SUS316J1L,SUS317, SUS317L, SUS317LN, SUS33USS, SUS316J62J SUS890L, SUS321, SUS347, SUSXM7, SUSXM15J1, SUS329J1, SUS329J3L, SUS329J4L, SUS405, SUS410L, SUS429, SUS430, SUS430LJ3, SUS4, SUS4L404, SUS430LJ3US4, S30L4, SUS404, SUS404, SUS404, SUS436J1L,SUS444, SUS445J1, SUS445J2, SUS447J1, SUSXM27, SUS403,SUS410, SUS410S, SUS420J1, SUS420J2, SUS440A |
Ukucaciswa kweMveliso
| Gqiba | Ukutyeba | Iimpawu | Usetyenziso |
| Inombolo 1 | 3.0mm~50.0mm | Igqitywe ngokushushumbisa, i-annealing kunye ne-pickling, ebonakaliswe ngumphezulu omhlophe otyunjiweyo | Izixhobo zeshishini lemichiza, iitanki zeShishini |
| No. 2B | 0.3mm ~ 6.0mm | Kugqitywe unyango ubushushu, pickling emva ebandayo rolling, kulandele ulusu pass line ukuba liqaqambe ngakumbi kwaye agudileyo ubuso | Izixhobo zezoNyango eziSebenzisiweyo, iTableware |
| INombolo ye-BA (Eqaqambileyo eAnealed) | 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm | Ukunyangwa kobushushu obuqaqambileyo emva kokuqengqeleka okubandayo | Ikhitshi yekhitshi, ikhitshi, injongo yezakhiwo |
| Inombolo yesi-4 | 0.4mm ~ 3.0mm | Ukucoca ngeNombolo ye-150 ukuya kwi-No.180 ye-mesh abrasives. Ezona zigqityiweyo zidumileyo | Amaziko okwenziwa kobisi kunye nokutya, izixhobo zesibhedlele, ibhafu |
| Inombolo yesi-8 | 0.5mm ~ 2.0mm | Umphezulu onjengesipili obonakalisayo ngokugudiswa ngezithinteli ezicolekileyo ngaphezu kwe-800 mesh | IReflector, isipili, Ngaphakathi-Uhombiso lwangaphandle lolwakhiwo |
| HL(Umgca weNwele) | 0.4mm ~ 3.0mm | Igqitywe ngokucolwa ngokuqhubekayo komgca | Iinjongo zezakhiwo, izitepusi ezizihambelayo, izithuthi zasekhitshini |
Ukuqulunqwa kwemichiza
| IBanga | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Ti | N | Cu | Nb |
| 201 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | 5.50-7.50 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 3.50-5.50 | - | - | 0.05-0.25 | - | - |
| 202 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | 7.50-10.00 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 4.00-6.00 | - | - | 0.05-0.25 | - | - |
| 301 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 6.00-8.00 | - | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 302 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 303 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.2 | ≥0.15 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | ≤0.6 | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 304 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 304L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 304H | 0.04-0.1 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 304N | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | - | 0.10-0.16 | - | - |
| 304J1 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 6.00-9.00 | - | - | - | 1.00-3.00 | - |
| 305 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 10.50-13.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 309S | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 22.00-24.00 | 12.00-15.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 310S | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 24.00-26.00 | 19.00-22.00 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 316 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 316L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 12.00-15.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 316H | ≤0.1 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 316N | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | 0.10-0.16 | - | - |
| 316Ti | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-19.00 | 11.00-14.00 | 2.00-3.00 | ≥5C | - | - | - |
| 317L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 18.00-20.00 | 11.00-15.00 | 3.00-4.00 | - | - | - | - |
| 321 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-12.00 | - | 5C-0.7 | - | - | - |
| 347 | ≤0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-12.00 | - | - | - | - | 10C-1.10 |
| 347H | ≤0.1 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-12.00 | - | - | - | - | 8C-1.10 |
| 2205 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 21.00-24.00 | 4.50-6.50 | 2.50-3.50 | - | 0.08-0.20 | - | - |
| 2507 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.8 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.02 | 24.00-26.00 | 6.00-8.00 | 3.00-5.00 | - | 0.24-0.32 | - | - |
| 904L | ≤0.02 | ≤1.0 | ≤2.0 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | 19.00-23.00 | 23.00-28.00 | 4.00-5.00 | - | - | 1.00-2.00 | - |
| C276 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.05 | ≤1.0 | - | - | 14.00-16.50 | Okunye | - | - | - | - | - |
| Monel400 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤2.0 | - | ≤0.024 | - | ≥63 | - | - | - | 28-34 | - |
| 409L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 17.00-19.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 410 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 11.50-13.50 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 410L | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 11.50-13.50 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 420J1 | 0.16-0.25 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 12.00-14.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 420J2 | 0.26-0.40 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 12.00-14.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 430 | ≤0.12 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 436L | ≤0.025 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-19.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 439 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 440A | 0.60-0.75 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | ≤0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 440B | 0.75-0.95 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | ≤0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 440C | 0.95-1.2 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 16.00-18.00 | - | ≤0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 441 | ≤0.03 | 0.2-0.8 | ≤0.7 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.015 | 17.50-18.50 | - | ≤0.5 | 0.1-0.5 | ≤0.025 | - | 0.3+3C-0.9 |
Thinazisonga iimveliso zensimbi ezingenasici ngephepha elichasayo kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi ukukhusela umonakalo.
Iileyibhile zokuchongwa ziphawulwe ngokwemigaqo esemgangathweni okanye ngokwemiyalelo yomthengi.
Ukupakishwa okukhethekileyo kuyafumaneka ngokwemfuno yomthengi.
Ipakethe yekhoyili yensimbi engenaStainless
Iphepha leNsimbi elingenaStainless / iPakeji yePleyiti yentsimbi engatyiwa
Ipakethe yeStrip Strip
Ipakethe yokuThunyelwa
Inkampani yethu izinze eWuxi, iqokelela isixeko sesinyithi esingenasici eTshayina.
Sisebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwiikhoyili ezingenasici, amashiti kunye nepleyiti, umbhobho wentsimbi engatyiwa kunye nezinto zokufakelwa, iityhubhu zentsimbi, kunye neemveliso ze-aluminiyam kunye neemveliso zobhedu.
Iimveliso zethu ziye zanconywa kakhulu ngabathengi bethu abavela eYurophu, eMelika, kuMbindi Mpuma, eAfrika nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Siza kubonelela ngeemveliso ezikhuphisanayo kunye nenkonzo ebanzi kubathengi.
I-Stainless Steel Grade: 201, 202, 202cu, 204, 204cu, 303, 304, 304L, 308, 308L, 309, 309s, 310, 310s, 316, 316, 4, 1, 3, 316, 4, 3, 4 420, 430, 430F, 440, 440c,
IBanga le-alloy: iMonel, i-Inconel, iHastolley, iDuplex, iSuper Duplex, iTitanium, iTantalum, iNtsimbi enesantya esiphezulu, intsimbi ethambileyo, iAluminium, intsimbi yentsimbi, iCarbon Steel, iNickel Alloys
Kwimo ye: IiBar eziRound, iiBar zesikwere, ii-Hexagonal Bars, ii-Flat Bars, ii-engile, ii-Channels, iiProfayili, iiNcingo, iiNcingo zocingo, ii-Sheets, iiPleti, iMibhobho engenamthungo, i-ERW Pipes, iiFlanges, iiFittings, njl.
Q1: Yintoni i-stainless?
A: I-stainless ithetha ukuba akukho manqaku kumphezulu wentsimbi, okanye uhlobo lwentsimbi engonakaliswanga ngumoya okanye ngamanzi kwaye engatshintshi umbala, engenabala, ekwazi ukumelana nokubola, ukurusa, isiphumo sokubola kweekhemikhali.
I-Q2: Ngaba i-stainless ithetha ukuba akukho ukugqwala?
IMPENDULO: Hayi, i-stainless ithetha ukuba akukho lula ukungcola okanye ukurusa, inamandla akhethekileyo okuxhathisa ibala, ukurusa kunye nokuhlwa.
I-Q3: Ngaba unikezela ngamashiti ensimbi engenasici?
A: Ewe, sinikezela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeshiti zensimbi ezingenasici, ezinobubanzi obusuka kwi-0.3-3.0mm. kunye nokugqiba ezahlukeneyo.
I-Q4: Ngaba uyayamkela inkonzo yokusika ukuya kubude?
A: Ewe, ukwaneliseka kwabathengi yeyona nto iphambili kuthi.
Q5: Ukuba ndineodolo encinci, uyayamkela iodolo encinci?
A: Akuyongxaki, inkxalabo yakho yinkxalabo yethu, amanani amancinci amkelwe.
I-Q6: Ungaqinisekisa njani umgangatho wemveliso yakho?
A: Okokuqala, kwasekuqaleni, sele siphumeze umoya ezingqondweni zabo, obo bubomi obusemgangathweni, abasebenzi bethu abaqeqeshiweyo kunye nabasebenzi baya kulandela inyathelo ngalinye de iimpahla zipakishwe kakuhle kwaye zithunyelwe ngaphandle.
I-Q7: Ngaba uya kupakisha iimveliso?
A: Abantu abachwephesha benza ukupakisha abaqeqeshiweyo, sineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha ozikhethelayo kubathengi, uqoqosho okanye olungcono.
I-Q8: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi kumthengi ngaphambi kokucaphula okuchanekileyo?
A: Ukufumana ikowuteshini echanekileyo, kufuneka sazi ibakala, ubukhulu, ubukhulu, ukugqiba komphezulu, umbala kunye nobungakanani beodolo yakho, kunye nendawo eziya kuyo iimpahla. Ulwazi lwemveliso elungiselelweyo luya kufuneka ngakumbi, njengokuzoba, uyilo kunye nesicwangciso. Emva koko siya kubonelela ngekowuteshini ekhuphisanayo kunye nolwazi olungentla.
I-Q9: Loluphi uhlobo lwexesha lokuhlawula olivumayo?
A: Siyayamkela i-T/T, i-West union, i-L/C.
I-Q10: Ukuba lo ngumyalelo omncinci, ngaba uya kuhambisa iimpahla kwi-arhente yethu?
A: Ewe, sizalelwe ukusombulula iingxaki zabathengi bethu, siya kufumana iimpahla ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo yokugcina iarhente yakho kwaye sikuthumelele imifanekiso.
Q11: Ngaba wenza ishiti elicaba? Ndifuna ukwenza ulwakhiwo lweprojekthi yam entsha.
A: Hayi, sivelisa ubukhulu becala isinyithi esingenasici esisicaba sonyango, kwangaxeshanye, senza imveliso egqityiweyo yentsimbi egqityiweyo ngokomzobo kunye nesicwangciso somthengi, igcisa lethu liya kukhathalela abanye.
Q12: Zingaphi iicoutries osele uzithumele ngaphandle?
A: Ithunyelwa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 ikakhulu isuka eMelika, eRashiya, eUK, eKuwait, eYiphutha, eIran,
Turkey, Jordan, njl.
Q13: Ndingazifumana njani iisampuli?
A: Iisampuli ezincinci kwivenkile kwaye zinokubonelela ngeesampuli simahla. I-Catalgue iyafumaneka, uninzi
iipatheni esinazo iisampulu esele zilungile kwisitokhwe. Iisampuli ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziya kuthatha malunga ne-5-7days.
Q14: Yintoni ukuhanjiswa?
A: Ixesha lokuhanjiswa kwesampula yi-5- 7 iintsuku. Iiodolo zesikhongozeli malunga neentsuku ze-15-20.
Q15: Sithini isicelo malunga neeMveliso zakho?
A: Umnyango we-elevator / i-cabin okanye kunye nodonga olusecaleni lwe-escalator.
2.Izigqubuthelo zodonga ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwegumbi lentlanganiso/ indawo yokutyela.
3.I-Facade xa ugqume phezu kwento ethile, njengeekholamu kwindawo yokwamkela iindwendwe.
4.Isilingi kwivenkile enkulu. 5.Decorative umzobo kwezinye iindawo zokuzonwabisa.
I-Q16: Ungayiqinisekisa ixesha elingakanani le Mveliso / ukugqiba?
A: Isiqinisekiso sombala ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Isiqinisekiso somgangatho wemathiriyeli yoqobo sinakho
kubonelelwa.
