Niki cyuma cyihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru?

Niki cyuma cyihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru?

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma, ariko imikorere yabyo ntabwo ihwanye neza.

Mubisanzwe, tuvuga ibyuma byubushyuhe bwo hejuru nk "ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe". Ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bivuga icyiciro cyibyuma birwanya okiside nimbaraga zishimishije zo hejuru hamwe nubushyuhe buhebuje mubihe byubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubushinwa bwatangiye gukora ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe mu 1952.

Ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora ibice bikora ku bushyuhe bwinshi mu byuma, amashyanyarazi, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, itanura ry’inganda n’inganda nk’inganda n’indege za peteroli. Usibye imbaraga z'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa okiside ya ruswa, ibyo bice bisaba kandi kwihanganira ibintu bishimishije, gutunganywa neza no gusudira, hamwe na gahunda ihamye ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye.

Ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri ukurikije imikorere yabyo: ibyuma birwanya okiside nicyuma kirwanya ubushyuhe. Icyuma kirwanya okiside nacyo cyitwa ibyuma byuruhu mugihe gito. Ibyuma bishyushye bivuga ibyuma bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi bifite imbaraga zo hejuru cyane.

Ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe birashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwa austenitike, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwa martensitike, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwa ferritic nicyuma cyangiza ubushyuhe bwa pearlite ukurikije gahunda yabyo.

Ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwa Austenitike birimo ibintu byinshi bigize austenite nka nikel, manganese, na azote. Iyo iri hejuru ya 600 ℃, ifite imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no gutuza neza, kandi ifite imikorere myiza yo gusudira. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa hejuru ya 600 ℃ Gushyushya amakuru yimikorere. Ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwa Martensitike muri rusange bifite chromium iri hagati ya 7 na 13%, kandi ifite imbaraga zubushyuhe bwinshi, irwanya okiside hamwe n’amazi yo kwangirika kwangirika munsi ya 650 ° C, ariko gusudira kwayo ni bibi.

Ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe bwa ferritike birimo ibintu byinshi nka chromium, aluminium, silikoni, nibindi, bigizwe na ferrite yicyiciro kimwe, bifite ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kurwanya okiside hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa gaze, ariko bifite ubushyuhe buke nubukonje bwinshi mubushyuhe bwicyumba . , Gusudira nabi. Pearlite ubushyuhe bwihanganira ibyuma bivangwa na chromium na molybdenum, kandi umubare rusange ntushobora kurenga 5%.

Umutekano wacyo ukuyemo pearlite, ferrite, na bainite. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma bifite imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi bukora kuri 500 ～ 600 and, kandi igiciro ni gito.

Irakoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice birwanya ubushyuhe munsi ya 600 ℃. Nkimiyoboro yicyuma, ibyuma bya turbine, rotor, ibifunga, imiyoboro yumuvuduko mwinshi, imiyoboro, nibindi.