Umuringa, Umuringa na Bronze, ubundi bizwi nka "Ibyuma bitukura", birashobora kugaragara mbere ariko mubyukuri bitandukanye cyane.
Umuringa
Umuringa ukoreshwa mubicuruzwa byinshi bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwamashanyarazi nubushyuhe, imbaraga nziza, imiterere myiza no kurwanya ruswa. Ibikoresho byo mu miyoboro no mu miyoboro bikunze gukorwa muri ibyo byuma kubera kurwanya ruswa. Birashobora kugurishwa byoroshye no gusya, kandi byinshi birashobora gusudwa na gaze zitandukanye, arc nuburyo bwo guhangana. Birashobora guhanagurwa no guhindurwa hafi yuburyo bwose bwifuzwa.
Hariho amanota yumuringa udashimishije, kandi arashobora gutandukana mubwinshi bwumwanda urimo. Oxygene idafite umuringa amanota akoreshwa cyane cyane mumikorere aho bikenewe cyane.
Imwe mu miterere yingenzi yumuringa nubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya bagiteri. Nyuma yo gupimwa mikorobe nini n’ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, byagaragaye ko imiti 355 y’umuringa, harimo n’imiringa myinshi, wasangaga yica bagiteri zirenga 99,9% mu masaha abiri bahuye. Kwanduza bisanzwe wasangaga bitabangamira imikorere ya mikorobe.
Gukoresha Umuringa
Umuringa ni kimwe mu byuma byavumbuwe mbere. Abagereki n'Abaroma babigize ibikoresho cyangwa imitako, ndetse hari n'amateka arambuye yerekana ikoreshwa ry'umuringa mu guhagarika ibikomere no kweza amazi yo kunywa. Uyu munsi usanga cyane mubikoresho byamashanyarazi nko gukoresha insinga kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi neza.
Umuringa
Umuringa ahanini ni umusemburo ugizwe n'umuringa wongeyeho zinc. Umuringa urashobora kugira urugero rwa zinc cyangwa ibindi bintu byongeweho. Izi mvange zitandukanye zitanga ibintu byinshi bitandukanye kandi bigahinduka ibara. Ubwiyongere bwa zinc butanga ibikoresho hamwe nimbaraga zinoze. Umuringa urashobora gutandukanya ibara kuva umutuku ukageza kumuhondo bitewe nubunini bwa zinc yongewe kumavuta.
- Niba ibice bya zinc biri mu muringa biva kuri 32% kugeza kuri 39%, bizaba byongereye ubushobozi bwo gukora bishyushye ariko gukora ubukonje bizaba bike.
- Niba umuringa urimo zinc zirenga 39% (urugero - Muntz Metal), izaba ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ihindagurika (ku bushyuhe bwicyumba).
Imiringa
Umuringa ukoreshwa muburyo bwo gushushanya cyane cyane kubera guhuza zahabu. Nibisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bya muzika kubera gukora cyane kandi biramba.
Ibindi bivangwa n'umuringa
Amabati
Numuti urimo umuringa, zinc na tin. Iri tsinda rivanze ryaba ririmo imiringa ya admiralty, imiringa yo mu mazi hamwe nimiringa yubusa. Amabati yongeweho kugirango abuze dezincification (kurekura zinc kuva kumuringa wumuringa) mubidukikije byinshi. Iri tsinda rifite ibyiyumvo bike kuri dezincification, imbaraga ziciriritse, ikirere cyo mu kirere hamwe n’amazi arwanya ruswa hamwe n’amashanyarazi meza cyane. Bafite impimbano nziza ishyushye hamwe nubukonje bwiza. Iyi mavuta isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma, ibyuma byo mu nyanja, ibice bya mashini ya screw, pompe pompe nibicuruzwa byangiza imashini.
Umuringa
Umuringa ni umusemburo ugizwe ahanini n'umuringa hiyongereyeho ibindi bintu. Mu bihe byinshi, ibyongeweho byongeweho ni amabati, ariko arsenic, fosifore, aluminium, manganese, na silikoni nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango bitange ibintu bitandukanye mubikoresho. Ibi bikoresho byose bitanga umusemburo ukomeye kuruta umuringa wenyine.
Umuringa urangwa n'ibara ryijimye-zahabu. Urashobora kandi kuvuga itandukaniro riri hagati yumuringa numuringa kuko umuringa uzaba ufite impeta zoroshye hejuru yacyo.
Gukoresha Umuringa
Umuringa ukoreshwa mu kubaka amashusho, ibikoresho bya muzika n'imidari, no mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda nko mu bihuru no mu biti, aho icyuma cyacyo gito ku guteranya ibyuma ari akarusho. Umuringa kandi ufite porogaramu zidasanzwe kubera kurwanya ruswa.
Ibindi bivangwa n'umuringa
Umuringa wa Fosifore (cyangwa Tin Bronze)
Iyi mavuta isanzwe ifite amabati kuva kuri 0.5% kugeza 1.0%, hamwe na fosifori ya 0.01% kugeza 0.35%. Iyi mavuta irazwi cyane kubera ubukana, imbaraga, coefficient nkeya yo guterana, kurwanya umunaniro mwinshi, hamwe ningano nziza. Amabati yongerera imbaraga zo kwangirika no gukomera, mugihe ibirimo fosifori byongera imyambarire no gukomera. Bimwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa kubicuruzwa byaba ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi, inzogera, amasoko, koza, ibikoresho birwanya ruswa.
Umuringa wa Aluminium
Ibi bifite aluminiyumu igizwe na 6% - 12%, icyuma cya 6% (max), na nikel ya 6% (max). Izi nyongeramusaruro zitanga imbaraga ziyongereye, zifatanije no kurwanya cyane kwangirika no kwambara. Ibi bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo mu nyanja, ibyuma byamaboko hamwe na pompe cyangwa valve ikora amazi yangirika.
Silicon Bronze
Uyu ni umusemburo ushobora gutwikira imiringa n'umuringa (imiringa itukura ya silicon na bronze itukura). Mubisanzwe birimo 20% zinc na 6% silicon. Umuringa utukura ufite imbaraga nyinshi no kurwanya ruswa kandi ukunze gukoreshwa kubiti bya valve. Umuringa utukura urasa cyane ariko ufite intumbero yo hasi ya zinc. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora pompe nibice bya valve.
Nickel Brass (cyangwa Nickel Ifeza)
Uyu ni umusemburo urimo umuringa, nikel na zinc. Nikel itanga ibikoresho hafi ya feza. Ibi bikoresho bifite imbaraga ziciriritse kandi birwanya ruswa neza. Ibi bikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bya muzika, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, ibikoresho bya optique, nibindi bintu aho ubwiza ari ikintu cyingenzi.
Umuringa Nickel (cyangwa Cupronickel)
Numuti ushobora kubamo ahantu hose kuva 2% kugeza 30% nikel. Ibi bikoresho bifite ruswa-irwanya cyane kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Ibi bikoresho kandi birerekana kwihanganira cyane kwangirika kwangirika bitewe nihungabana hamwe na okiside mu kirere cyumuyaga. Nikel nyinshi iri muri ibi bikoresho bizamura imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mu mazi yo mu nyanja, no kurwanya ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byo mu nyanja, valve, pompe hamwe nubwato.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2020