Monga mpanda woyera wonyezimira, mpanda wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri - womwe umapezeka paliponse ku New York komwe uli ndi eni nyumba aku Asia - umabweretsa kumverera kopangidwa, koma kumakhala kowala kwambiri.
M’misewu ya anthu okhala ku Flushing, Queens, ndi Sunset Park, Brooklyn, pafupifupi nyumba ina iliyonse ili ndi mipanda yachitsulo. Imakhala yasiliva ndipo nthawi zina golide wodulidwa mosiyana ndi nyumba za njerwa ndi zokutidwa ndi vinyl zomwe amazizungulira, ngati mikanda ya diamondi yomwe imavalidwa pamwamba pa zoyera zakale. t-shirts.
"Ngati muli ndi ndalama zowonjezera, muyenera kusankha njira yabwinoko nthawi zonse," atero a Dilip Banerjee, akulozera mpanda wachitsulo womangidwa ndi mnansi wake, akuyang'ana pamipanda yake yachitsulo, ma handrail, zitseko ndi ma awnings. Zinamutengera pafupifupi $2,800 kuti awonjezere nyumba yake yansanjika ziwiri ku Flushing.
Mofanana ndi mpanda woyera, chizindikiro chachitali cha zomwe zimatchedwa American Dream, mpanda wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri umakhala ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi amisiri. zigzags ku kukoma kwa wopanga, wopangidwa payekha ndi zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo maluwa a lotus, zizindikiro za "om" ndi mawonekedwe a geometric.Usiku, magetsi a mumsewu ndi magalimoto amanyazitsa kuwala kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe sizitero, ndipo sizitero. , kuzirala mumdima ngati chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Ngakhale kuti ena angawopsezedwe ndi glitz, kuima panja ndi momwe zimakhalira - chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. mpanda ndi chizindikiro chosatsutsika kuti eni nyumba afika.
"Ndichizindikiro chakufika kwa anthu apakati, makamaka kwa iwo omwe abwera kunyumba koyamba," atero a Thomas Campanella, wolemba mbiri yokonza mizinda komanso malo omangidwa m'matauni ku Cornell University. "Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi udindo."
Kukwera kwa mipanda imeneyi—komwe kumawoneka m’nyumba za banja limodzi, komanso mozungulira malo odyera, matchalitchi, maofesi a madokotala, ndi zina zotero—kufanana ndi kukula kwa anthu a ku Asia America ku New York. Anthu a pachilumba cha Pacific anali gulu lomwe likukula mwachangu kwambiri mumzindawu, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu olowa m'mayiko ena. Mu 2010, panali anthu opitilira Anthu 750,000 a ku Asia ndi Pacific Island omwe anasamukira ku New York, ndipo pofika 2019, chiwerengerochi chinali chitakwera kufika pafupifupi 845,000. Mzindawu unapezanso kuti oposa theka la anthu osamukira kumayiko ena ankakhala ku Queens. ku New York mkati mwa nthawi yomweyo.
Garibaldi Lind, wokhala ku Puerto Rico yemwe wakhala ku Sunset Park kwa zaka zambiri, adati mpandawo unayamba kufalikira pomwe anthu oyandikana nawo aku Spain adasamuka ndikugulitsa nyumba zawo kwa ogula aku China. Kumwamba uko, pali enanso atatu. ”
Koma eni nyumba enanso alandiranso kalembedwe ka mpandawu.” Mumudzi wonse wa Queens ndi Richmond Hill, mukawona mpanda ngati uwu, nthawi zambiri ndi banja la West Indian,” Farida Gulmohamad, wogulitsa nyumba ku Guyana adatero.
Sikuti aliyense amawakonda.” Inenso sindine wokonda. Ndizosapeweka, koma ndi chinthu chodabwitsa, ndi chonyezimira kwambiri, kapena ndi odabwitsa kwambiri, "anatero Rafael Rafael, wojambula wa "All Queens Residences." Rafael Herrin-Ferri adati, "Ali ndi khalidwe lachinyengo. Queens ali ndi zinthu zambiri zodula, zotsika mtengo, koma siziphatikizana kapena kuthandizira china chilichonse. ”
Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe chawo chonyezimira komanso chonyezimira, mipanda imakhala yogwira ntchito komanso yotsika mtengo kuisamalira kusiyana ndi mipanda yachitsulo yokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira.
"Amwenye aku South Asia ndi East Asia akuwoneka kuti amakonda zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa zimawoneka zokongola," atero a Priya Kandhai, wogulitsa nyumba ku Queens yemwe amalemba pafupipafupi madera a Ozone Park ndi Jamaica.
Iye adati pamene adawonetsa makasitomala nyumbayo yokhala ndi mpanda wachitsulo komanso chotchingira, adawona kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali komanso yamakono, ngati firiji yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri m’khitchini m’malo mwa pulasitiki yoyera.
Linapangidwa koyamba ku England mu 1913. Linayamba kutengedwa ku China m'zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, malinga ndi Tim Collins, mlembi wamkulu wa World Stainless Steel Association, bungwe lofufuza zopanda phindu lochokera ku Brussels.
M’zaka zaposachedwapa, “zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zakhala zikudziwika bwino kwambiri kuti n’zimene zakhalapo kwa nthaŵi yaitali zogwirizana nazo,” anatero a Collins. .” Chitsulo chopangidwa, mosiyana, chimakhala chovuta kuchisintha, anawonjezera.
A Collins adati kutchuka kwa mipanda yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kungachititsidwe chifukwa cha "anthu omwe akufuna kukumbukira cholowa chawo ndikukumbatira zinthu zamasiku ano".
Wu Wei, pulofesa wothandizira pa School of Architecture and Urban Planning ya Nanjing University, adati mabizinesi ambiri osapanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri adakhazikitsidwa ku Jiangsu ndi Zhejiang kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi koyambirira kwa 2000. Mayi Wu, omwe amakumbukira chinthu choyamba chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mnyumba mwake chinali sinki yamasamba. M'zaka za m'ma 90, zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zinali amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika, koma masiku ano ali “kulikonse, aliyense akhoza kukhala nawo, ndipo nthaŵi zina muyenera kuugwiritsa ntchito tsopano,” iye anatero.
Malinga ndi a Wu, mapangidwe okongola a mpandawu atha kuchokera ku mwambo waku China wowonjezera mawonekedwe abwino pazinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku. Iye adati zizindikiro zabwino monga zilembo zaku China (monga dalitso), ma cranes oyera omwe amayimira moyo wautali, komanso maluwa omwe amaimira maluwa amapezeka nthawi zambiri. mu "malo okhala achi China". Kwa olemera, mapangidwe ophiphiritsa awa adakhala chisankho chokongola, adatero Mayi Wu.
Anthu a ku China amene anasamukira ku United States m’zaka zaposachedwapa anabweretsa mgwirizano umenewu wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Mashopu opangira mipanda yachitsulo atayamba kuonekera ku Queens ndi ku Brooklyn, anthu amitundu yonse anayamba kuika mipanda imeneyi.
Cindy Chen, 38, mbadwa ya m’badwo woyamba, anaika zipata zosapanga dzimbiri, zitseko ndi mazenera alonda m’nyumba imene anakulira ku China.Pofuna nyumba ku New York, ankadziwa kuti akufuna yokhala ndi chitetezo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Anatulutsa mutu wake pawindo lazenera lachitsulo la nyumba yake yapansi ku Sunset Park, akunena kuti "chifukwa sichita dzimbiri komanso kumakhala bwino," anthu achitchaina amakonda chitsulo. komanso kukongola,” iye anatero, ndikuwonjezera kuti, “Nyumba zambiri zomwe zakonzedwa kumene kudutsa msewuwu zili ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.” Mipanda yachitsulo ndi alonda amamupangitsa kumva kuti ndi wotetezeka. (Kuyambira 2020, ziwawa zachidani zomwe zayambitsa miliri kwa anthu aku Asia America zakula kwambiri ku New York, ndipo anthu ambiri aku Asia aku America akhala akuopa kuzunzidwa.)
Banerjee, wazaka 77, yemwe adasamuka ku Kolkata, India, m'ma 1970, adati nthawi zonse amakhala ndi njala yochulukirapo. "Makolo anga sanayendetsepo galimoto yabwino, koma ndili ndi Mercedes," adatero madzulo masika posachedwa pamwamba pa chitseko chokongoletsedwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Ntchito yake yoyamba inali pa fakitale ya jute ku India. Atangofika ku New York, anagwa m'nyumba za anzake osiyanasiyana. Anayamba kufunsira ntchito zomwe adaziwona m'manyuzipepala ndipo pamapeto pake adalembedwa ntchito ngati injiniya ndi kampani ina.
Atakhala pansi mu 1998, Banerjee adagula nyumba yomwe akukhalamo, ndipo kwazaka zambiri adakonzanso movutikira gawo lililonse la nyumbayo kuti lifanane ndi masomphenya ake - kapeti, mazenera, garaja ndipo, zowona, mipanda yonse idasinthidwa. "Mpanda umateteza zonse. Zikukulirakulira,” akutero monyadira.
Hui Zhenlin, wazaka 64, yemwe wakhala mnyumba ya Sunset Park kwa zaka 10, adati zitseko zachitsulo zanyumba yake zinalipo asanasamukire, koma zinali gawo la chidwi cha malowo. 'ndi oyera,” iye anatero. Siziyenera kupakidwa utoto monga chitsulo ndi kuoneka opukutidwa mwachibadwa.
Zou Xiu, wazaka 48, yemwe anasamukira m’nyumba ina ku Sunset Park miyezi iwiri yapitayo, anati ankamva kukhala womasuka kukhala m’nyumba yokhala ndi zitseko zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.” Iwo ali bwino,” adatero. ndi otetezeka kwambiri. "
Kumbuyo kwake kuli onse opanga zitsulo.Pafupi ndi Flushing's College Point Boulevard, masitolo opangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zipinda zowonetsera angapezeke.Mkati mwake, ogwira ntchito amatha kuona zitsulo zikusungunuka ndi kuumbidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mapangidwe ake, zowalazi zikuwuluka paliponse, ndipo makoma akutidwa ndi zitsanzo za zitseko.
Lamlungu m'mawa m'mawa uno, Chuan Li, 37, mwini wake wa Golden Metal 1 Inc., anali kukambirana zamitengo ndi ena mwa makasitomala omwe anabwera kudzafuna ntchito yomanga mipanda. Pafupifupi zaka 15 zapitazo, Bambo Li anasamukira kudziko lina. ku United States kuchokera ku Wenzhou, China, ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito yosula zitsulo kwa zaka zopitirira khumi.Anaphunzira lusoli ku New York akugwira ntchito pasitolo yokonza khitchini ku Flushing.
Kwa Mr Lee, ntchito yachitsulo ndi njira yopezera ndalama kuposa kuyitana. ”Sindinachitire mwina. Ndinkafunika kupeza zofunika pamoyo. Mukudziwa ife aku China - timapita kukachoka kuntchito, timapita kuntchito tsiku lililonse," adatero.
Akunena kuti sayika mipanda yachitsulo m’nyumba mwake, ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zambiri amathera nthaŵi yambiri akugwira ntchitoyo.” Sindimakonda ngakhale pang’ono. Ndimawonera zinthu izi tsiku lililonse, "adatero a Lee."
Koma a Li adapatsa kasitomala zomwe amakonda, kupanga mpanda atakumana ndi kasitomala, yemwe adamuuza mtundu womwe amakonda. Kenako adayamba kung'amba zida, kuzipinda, kuziwotcherera, ndikumapukuta. . Lee amalipira pafupifupi $75 pa phazi pa ntchito iliyonse.
"Ndizokhazo zomwe tingachite tikafika kuno," atero a Hao Weian, 51, eni ake a Xin Tengfei Stainless Steel." Ndinkachita izi ku China.
Bambo Ann ali ndi mwana wamwamuna ku koleji, koma akuyembekeza kuti sadzalandira bizinesi yabanja. "Sindilola kuti azigwira ntchito kuno," adatero. Sichifukwa cha mliriwu, ndi chifukwa chakuti kuno kuli fumbi ndi utsi wambiri.”
Ngakhale kuti zinthuzo sizingakhale zosangalatsa makamaka kwa opanga, kwa wojambula ndi wosema wa Flushing Anne Wu, mipanda yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri inapereka chilimbikitso chochuluka. kuyika zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri.” Nthawi zambiri, mukamayendayenda mumzinda, ubale wa anthu ndi zinthuzo ndi mawonekedwe, chinthu chomwe amayang'ana kunja. Koma ndimafuna kuti chidutswachi chitenge malo okwanira kuti owonera amve ngati atha kudutsamo, "atero Ms Wu, wazaka 30.
Kwa zaka 10 zapitazi, akuwona malo omwe amayi ake amakhala ku Flushing akusefukira pang'onopang'ono ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, adayamba kutolera zotsalira za zinthu zomwe adazipeza ku Flushing's industrial estate zaka zingapo zapitazo, pamene anali kukaona achibale kumudzi wa Fujian, ku China, anachita chidwi kuona chipata chachikulu chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pakati pa mizati iwiri ya miyala.
"Kudzipukuta palokha ndi malo osangalatsa kwambiri koma ovuta, ndipo anthu osiyanasiyana amasonkhana pamalo amodzi," adatero Ms Wu." Mipanda yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri izi zimasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe omwe adawonjezedwa, ndipo pamapeto pake mipanda yonseyi imasintha. malo. Pazinthu zakuthupi, chitsulo chimawonetsera zonse zozungulira, choncho zimakhala ngati zimasakanikirana ndi chilengedwe pamene zimakhala zolimba mtima komanso zokopa. Onani kwambiri pa."
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-08-2022