Copper, Brass ndi Bronze, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "Red Metals", zitha kuwoneka zofanana poyamba koma ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Mkuwa
Mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamagetsi ndi kutentha, mphamvu zabwino, mawonekedwe abwino komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Zopangira mapaipi ndi mapaipi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo izi chifukwa chokana dzimbiri. Zitha kugulitsidwa mosavuta komanso kuzimitsa, ndipo zambiri zimatha kuwotcherera ndi gasi, ma arc ndi njira zokana. Amatha kupukutidwa ndikupukutidwa pafupifupi mawonekedwe aliwonse omwe mukufuna komanso kuwala.
Pali magiredi a Copper osatulutsidwa, ndipo amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa zonyansa zomwe zili. Makalasi amkuwa opanda okosijeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamachitidwe omwe ma conductivity apamwamba komanso ductility amafunikira.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamkuwa ndikutha kulimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Pambuyo pakuyesa kwakukulu kwa antimicrobial ndi Environmental Protection Agency, adapeza kuti 355 alloys zamkuwa, kuphatikizapo mkuwa wambiri, adapezeka kuti aphe mabakiteriya oposa 99.9% mkati mwa maola awiri okhudzana. Kudetsa mwachizolowezi kunapezeka kuti sikusokoneza mphamvu ya antimicrobial.
Mapulogalamu a Copper
Mkuwa unali umodzi mwazitsulo zakale kwambiri zopezeka. Agiriki ndi Aroma anachipanga kukhala zida kapena zokometsera, ndipo palinso mbiri yakale yosonyeza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mkuwa pochotsa mabala ndi kuyeretsa madzi akumwa. Masiku ano amapezeka kwambiri muzinthu zamagetsi monga mawaya chifukwa amatha kuyendetsa bwino magetsi.
Mkuwa
Brass makamaka ndi aloyi yomwe imakhala ndi mkuwa wokhala ndi zinc wowonjezera. Mitsuko imatha kukhala ndi zinc kapena zinthu zina zowonjezeredwa. Zosakaniza zosiyanasiyanazi zimatulutsa katundu wambiri komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa zinc kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale ndi mphamvu komanso ductility. Mkuwa ukhoza kukhala wamtundu kuchokera kufiira mpaka wachikasu kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinc kuwonjezeredwa ku alloy.
- Ngati zinc zomwe zili mu mkuwa zimachokera ku 32% kufika ku 39%, zidzakhala zowonjezera mphamvu zogwira ntchito zotentha koma kuzizira kumakhala kochepa.
- Ngati mkuwa uli ndi 39% zinc (chitsanzo - Muntz Metal), udzakhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba komanso ductility yotsika (pa kutentha).
Mapulogalamu a Brass
Mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa makamaka chifukwa chofanana ndi golide. Komanso ndi ambiri ntchito kupanga zida zoimbira chifukwa mkulu workability ndi durability.
Zida zina za Brass
Tin Brass
Ichi ndi aloyi yomwe ili ndi mkuwa, zinki ndi malata. Gulu la alloy ili likuphatikizapo admiralty brass, naval brass ndi machining brass aulere. Tini wawonjezedwa kuti aletse dezincification (kutulutsa zinki kuchokera kuzitsulo zamkuwa) m'malo ambiri. Gulu ili lili ndi chidwi chochepa cha dezincification, mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, kukana kwamlengalenga komanso kutsekemera kwamadzimadzi komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kwamagetsi. Amakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso mawonekedwe abwino ozizira. Ma alloys awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomangira, zida zam'madzi, zida zamakina, ma shaft amapope ndi zinthu zamakina zosagwira dzimbiri.
Bronze
Bronze ndi alloy yomwe imakhala makamaka yamkuwa ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zina. Nthawi zambiri zomwe zimawonjezeredwa zimakhala ndi malata, koma arsenic, phosphorous, aluminiyamu, manganese, ndi silicon amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zonsezi zimapanga aloyi yolimba kwambiri kuposa mkuwa wokha.
Bronze imadziwika ndi mtundu wake wosawoneka bwino wagolide. Mutha kudziwanso kusiyana pakati pa bronze ndi mkuwa chifukwa mkuwa umakhala ndi mphete zofooka pamwamba pake.
Mapulogalamu a Bronze
Mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ziboliboli, zida zoimbira ndi mendulo, komanso m'mafakitale monga ma bushings ndi ma bearings, pomwe chitsulo chake chochepa pamikangano yachitsulo chimakhala chothandiza. Bronze imagwiranso ntchito panyanja chifukwa chokana dzimbiri.
Zida zina za Bronze
Phosphor Bronze (kapena Tin Bronze)
Aloyiyi imakhala ndi malata kuyambira 0.5% mpaka 1.0%, ndi phosphorous osiyanasiyana 0.01% mpaka 0.35%. Ma alloys awa ndi odziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo, mphamvu, kugundana kochepa, kukana kutopa kwambiri, ndi njere zabwino. Zomwe zili ndi tini zimawonjezera kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kulimba kwamphamvu, pomwe zinthu za phosphorous zimawonjezera kukana komanso kuuma. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu zitha kukhala zamagetsi, mavuvu, akasupe, ma washer, zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri.
Aluminium Bronze
Izi zili ndi aluminiyumu yokwanira 6% - 12%, chitsulo cha 6% (max), ndi faifi tambala 6% (max). Zowonjezera izi zophatikizika zimapereka mphamvu zowonjezera, zophatikizidwa ndi kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri ndi kuvala. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zam'madzi, zonyamula manja ndi mapampu kapena ma valve omwe amanyamula madzi owononga.
Silicon Bronze
Ichi ndi aloyi yomwe imatha kuphimba mkuwa ndi mkuwa (mikuwa yofiira ya silicon ndi bronzes yofiira ya silicon). Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 20% zinc ndi 6% silicon. Mkuwa wofiyira uli ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma valve. Mkuwa wofiira ndi wofanana kwambiri koma umakhala ndi zinki zochepa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida za pampu ndi ma valve.
Nickel Brass (kapena Nickel Silver)
Ichi ndi aloyi yomwe ili ndi mkuwa, nickel ndi zinc. Nickel imapangitsa kuti zinthuzo ziwoneke ngati zasiliva. Nkhaniyi ili ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri bwino. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zoimbira, zida zazakudya ndi zakumwa, zida zowonera, ndi zinthu zina pomwe kukongola ndikofunikira.
Copper Nickel (kapena Cupronickel)
Ichi ndi aloyi yomwe imatha kukhala ndi 2% mpaka 30% nickel. Nkhaniyi ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha. Nkhaniyi imasonyezanso kulolerana kwakukulu kwa kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri pansi pa kupsinjika ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni mumlengalenga kapena mpweya wonyowa. Mafuta a faifi okwera kwambiri m'zinthuzi athandizira kuti madzi a m'nyanja asachite dzimbiri, komanso kukana kuipitsidwa ndi zamoyo zam'madzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zamagetsi, zida zam'madzi, mavavu, mapampu ndi zombo zapamadzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-28-2020