Alloy 20 / UNS N08020 / W.Nr. 2.4660 ib
Lus piav qhia luv luv:
Alloy 20 / UNS N08020 / W.Nr. 2.4660 ib
Alloy 20 / UNS N08020 / W.Nr. 2.4660 ib
Kev piav qhia
Alloy 20 yog npib tsib xee-hlau-chromium raws li, austenitic alloy nrog zoo corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ib puag ncig uas muaj sulfuric acid thiab ntau lwm yam aggressive media. Qhov no alloy yog stabilized nrog niobium los tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion. Alloy 20 tuaj yeem muab cov nqi txuag nyiaj thaum ua tib zoo muab piv rau cov nickel-based alloys siab dua, thaum tawm ua cov qauv stainless hlau.
Kev lag luam thiab kev siv
Alloy 20 yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, nrog rau kev ua tshuaj, petrochemical thiab refining, marine, tshuaj thiab zaub mov ua. Daim ntawv thov siv kawg suav nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam, sib xyaw tso tsheb hlau luam, agitators, twj tso kua mis thiab lub valve, cov khoom siv ua zaub mov, fasteners thiab fittings. Cov ntawv thov raug txwv rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1000 ° F ib ASME. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb qhov tsim nyog corrosion kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig muab.
Kev tiv thaiv corrosion
Alloy 20 muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau sulfuric acid. Cov hlau no tseem qhia tau hais tias tsim nyog nyob rau hauv phosphoric acid, nitric acid thiab aqueous ntsev daws. Alloy 20 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thaum chloride kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg yog qhov teeb meem, vim nws tiv taus pitting thiab crevice corrosion. Kev ceev faj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv cov tshuaj chloride ion uas muaj ib puag ncig vim tias tus nqi corrosion tuaj yeem nce ntxiv.
Fabrication thiab Thaum tshav kub kub kho
Alloy 20 tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub lossis txias ua haujlwm siv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Kub forged cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau rhuab ntawm 2100 ° F thiab 2250 ° F nrog ceev faj tswj kub insuring hais tias cov khoom tsis poob qis dua 1800 ° F ua ntej forging. Tom qab kub ua hauj lwm, anneal cov khoom los ntawm cua sov rau 1725 ° F thiab 1850 ° F rau yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 30 feeb ib nti ntawm tuab raws li dej quench.
Thaum xav tau kev ntxhov siab, ua kom kub rau qhov kub hauv qab 1000 ° F ua raws li dej quench tom qab lub sij hawm xav tau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tau tsim. Annealing Alloy 20 yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1725 ° F thiab 1850 ° F rau 30 feeb ntawm qhov kub ntawm ib nti ntawm thickness. Lub hardness qis dua tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cua sov mus rau 2100 ° F tab sis nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau.
Vuam Alloy 20 feem ntau yog ua los ntawm, TIG, MIG thiab submerged arc vuam (SAW) siv ob qho tib si muab tub lim hlau, ER320LR rau TIG thiab MIG thiab E320LR rau SAW. Thaum vuam rau cov hlau tsis sib xws xws li 316 lossis siab dua alloys xws li C276 thiabAlloy 22, AWS ERNiCrMo-3 tuaj yeem siv rau TIG thiab MIG thaum siv ENiCrMo-3 rau SAW.
Cov npe lag luam
INCOLOY ®alloy 20, Carpenter® 20 alloy, 20CB-3®
INCOLOY® yog ib lub npe lag luam ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj Xeeb Metals Corporation pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab.
Carpenter® thiab 20CB-3® yog cov cim kev lag luam ntawm Carpenter.
Chemical Composition (%)
| (Fe) Hlau | Tseem tshuav |
| (Ni) nickel | 32.00 – 38.00 dr hab |
| (Cr) Chromium | 19.00 – 21.00 dr hab |
| (Cu) tooj | 3.00 - 4.00 Nws |
| (Molybdenum). | 2.00-3.00 Nws |
| (Mn) Manganese | max 2.00 Nws |
| (Nb+Ta) Niobium* + Tantalum | (8 x C) 1.00 Nws |
| (Si) silicon | max 1.00 Nws |
| (C) Cov pa roj carbon | 0.07 max |
| (P) Phosphorus | 0.045 max |
| (S) Sulfur | 0.035 max |
* Niobium (Nb) yav tas los cais raws li Columbium (Cb).
Siv tau Specifications *
| Daim ntawv | ASTM | ASME |
| Bar | b473 ua | SIB 473 |
| Daim Ntawv & Phaj | b463 ua | SIB 463 |
| Seamless Yeeb Nkab & Tube | b729 ua | SIB 729 |
| Welded yeeb nkab | B464, B4741 | SIB 464, SB474 |
| Welded Tube | b468 ua | SIB 468 |
* EN10204-3.1 siv rau txhua hom khoom siv.
1 Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob fusion welded yeeb nkab nkaus xwb.
Khoom Qib
| Khoom siv | ASTM A240 Txuj | 201, 304 304L 304H 309S 309H 310S 310H 316 316H 316L 316L 316Ti 317 317L 321 321H 347 347H 409 4104L 301 |
| ASTM A480 Txuj | 302, S30215, S30452, S30615, 308, 309, 309Cb, 310, 310Cb, S32615, S33228, S38100, 304H, 309H, 310H2H, 347H, 348H, S31060, N08811, N08020, N08367, N08810, N08904, N08926, S31277, S20161, S30600, S30601, S31254, S31266, S32050, S32654, S32053, S31727, S34528, S34528, S34528 03, S32001, S32550, S31260, S32003, S32101, S32205, S32304, S32506, S32520, S32750, S32760, S32900, S32906, S32950, S32974 | |
| JIS 4304-2005 Txuj | SUS301L, SUS301J1, SUS302, SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316/316L, SUS309S, SUS310S, 3SUS21L, SUS347, SUS410L, SUS430, SUS630 | |
| JIS G4305 Txuj | SUS301, SUS301L, SUS301J1, SUS302B, SUS304, SUS304Cu, SUS304L, SUS304N1, SUS304N2, SUS304LN, SUS304J1, SUSJ2, SUS305, SUS309S 315J2, SUS316, SUS316L, SUS316N, SUS316LN, SUS316Ti, SUS316J1, SUS316J1L, SUS317, SUS317L, SUS317LN, SUS317J1, SUS317J2, SUS836L, SUS890L, SUS321, SUS347, SUSXM7, SUS329J1, SUS329J3US1, SUS329J3US4, SUS42 SUS430, SUS430LX, SUS430J1L, SUS434, SUS436L, SUS436J1L, SUS444, SUS445J1, SUS445J2, SUS447J1, SUSXM27, SUS403, SUS410, SUS410S, SUS420J1, SUS420J2, SUS440A |
Khoom Specification
| Ua kom tiav | Thickness | Yam ntxwv | Daim ntawv thov |
| Tsis yog 1 | 3.0mm ~ 50.0 hli | Ua tiav los ntawm kub dov, annealing thiab pickling, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm dawb pickled nto | Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, Cov tank muaj |
| No. 2B | 0.3mm ~ 6.0 hli | Ua tiav los ntawm kev kho cua sov, pickling tom qab txias dov, ua raws li daim tawv nqaij hla kab kom ci dua thiab du nto | General Application Medical Instruments, Tableware |
| No. BA (Zoo Annealed) | 0.5mm ~ 2.0 hli | Bright kev kho cua sov tom qab txias dov | Chav ua noj, chav ua noj khoom siv, lub hom phiaj architectural |
| No. 4 | 0.4mm ~ 3.0 hli | Polishing nrog No.150 rau No.180 mesh abrasives. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws tiav | Mis & Khoom noj khoom haus ua khoom siv, Tsev Kho Mob Khoom, Da-tub |
| No. 8 | 0.5mm ~ 2.0 hli | Daim iav zoo li lub ntsej muag los ntawm polishing nrog finer abrasives tshaj 800 mesh | Reflector, Daim iav, Sab hauv-Sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj forbuilding |
| HL (Hair Line) | 0.4mm ~ 3.0 hli | Ua tiav los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv linear polishing | Architectural lub hom phiaj, escalators, chav ua noj ware tsheb |
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Qib | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Ti | N | Cu | Nb |
| 201 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤1.0 | 5.50-7.50 Nws | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | 3.50-5.50 Nws | - | - | 0.05-0.25 Nws | - | - |
| 202 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤1.0 | 7.50-10.00 Nws | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.03 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | 4.00-6.00 Nws | - | - | 0.05-0.25 Nws | - | - |
| 301 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | 6.00-8.00 Nws | - | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 302 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | 8.00-10.00 Nws | - | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 303 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤0.2 | ≥0.15 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | 8.00-10.00 Nws | ≤0.6 | - | ≤0.1 | - | - |
| 304 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | 8.00-10.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - |
| 304l ua | ≤ 0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 18.00-20.00 Nws | 8.00-10.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3 04h | 0.04-0.1 hli | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 18.00-20.00 Nws | 8.00-10.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - |
| 304n ua | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 18.00-20.00 Nws | 8.00-10.00 Nws | - | - | 0.10-0.16 Nws | - | - |
| 304j 1 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 18.00-20.00 Nws | 6.00-9.00 Nws | - | - | - | 1.00-3.00 Nws | - |
| 305 | ≤ 0.12 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | 10.50-13.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - |
| 309s ua | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 22.00-24.00 Nws | 12.00-15.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - |
| 310S ib | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 24.00-26.00 Nws | 19.00-22.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - |
| 316 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | 10.00-14.00 Nws | 2.00-3.00 Nws | - | - | - | - |
| 316l ua | ≤ 0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | 12.00-15.00 Nws | 2.00-3.00 Nws | - | - | - | - |
| 316 H | ≤0.1 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | 10.00-14.00 Nws | 2.00-3.00 Nws | - | - | - | - |
| 316n ua | ≤ 0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | 10.00-14.00 Nws | 2.00-3.00 Nws | - | 0.10-0.16 Nws | - | - |
| 316 Ti | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-19.00 Nws | 11.00-14.00 Nws | 2.00-3.00 Nws | ≥5C | - | - | - |
| 317l ua | ≤ 0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 18.00-20.00 Nws | 11.00-15.00 Nws | 3.00-4.00 Nws | - | - | - | - |
| 321 | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | 9.00-12.00 Nws | - | 5C-0.7 ua | - | - | - |
| 347 ib | ≤ 0.08 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | 9.00-12.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | 10C-1.10 Nws |
| 347 h ua | ≤0.1 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | 9.00-12.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | 8C-1.10 |
| 2205 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 21.00-24.00 Nws | 4.50-6.50 Nws | 2.50-3.50 Nws | - | 0.08-0.20 Nws | - | - |
| 2507 ib | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.8 | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.02 | 24.00-26.00 Nws | 6.00-8.00 Nws | 3.00-5.00 Nws | - | 0.24-0.32 Nws | - | - |
| 904l ua | ≤ 0.02 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.03 | 19.00-23.00 Nws | 23.00-28.00 Nws | 4.00-5.00 Nws | - | - | 1.00-2.00 Nws | - |
| C276 | ≤ 0.02 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤1.0 | - | - | 14.00-16.50 dr hab | Lwm yam | - | - | - | - | - |
| Monel 400 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.5 | ≤ 2.0 | - | ≤ 0.024 | - | ≥63 | - | - | - | 28-34 : kuv | - |
| 409l ua | ≤ 0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 17.00-19.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 410 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 11.50-13.50 dr hab | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 410l ua | ≤ 0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 11.50-13.50 dr hab | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 420j 1 | 0.16-0.25 dr hab | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 12.00-14.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 420j 2 | 0.26-0.40 Nws | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 12.00-14.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 430 | ≤ 0.12 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 436l ua | ≤ 0.025 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-19.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 439 ib | ≤ 0.03 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 440a ua | 0.60-0.75 Nws | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | - | ≤ 0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 440b ua | 0.75-0.95 Nws | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | - | ≤ 0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 440c ua | 0.95-1.2 Nws | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤ 0.035 | ≤ 0.03 | 16.00-18.00 Nws | - | ≤ 0.75 | - | - | - | - |
| 441 ib | ≤ 0.03 | 0.2-0.8 hli | ≤0.7 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.015 | 17.50-18.50 Nws | - | ≤0.5 | 0.1-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.025 | - | 0.3 + 3C-0.9 |
Pebqhwv cov khoom lag luam stainless hlau nrog cov ntawv tiv thaiv xeb thiab cov nplhaib hlau kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
Cov ntawv cim qhia tau tagged raws li tus qauv specification lossis cov neeg siv khoom cov lus qhia.
Kev ntim tshwj xeeb yog muaj raws li tus neeg siv khoom xav tau.
Stainless hlau kauj pob
Stainless Hlau Sheet / Stainless Hlau Phaj Pob
Stainless Hlau Sawb Pob
Ntim Ntim
Peb lub tuam txhab yog nyob rau hauv Wuxi, sib sau ua ke lub nroog ntawm industrial stainless hlau nyob rau hauv Suav teb.
Peb tshwj xeeb hauv stainless coils, nplooj ntawv thiab phaj, stainless hlau yeeb nkab thiab fittings, stainless hlau raj, thiab kuj txhuas cov khoom thiab cov khoom tooj liab.
Peb cov khoom tau txais kev qhuas zoo los ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, Amelikas, Middle East, African thiab Southeast Asia. Peb yuav muab cov khoom sib tw thiab kev pabcuam zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Stainless hlau qib: 201, 202, 202cu, 204, 204cu, 303, 304, 304L, 308, 308L, 309, 309s, 310, 310s, 316, 316L, 408L, 316, 421, 430F, 440, 440c,
Alloy Qib: Monel, Inconel, Hastolley, Duplex, Super Duplex, Titanium, Tantalum, Kev Kub Ceev Hlau, Me Hlau, Aluminium, Alloy Steel, Carbon Steel, Tshwj Xeeb Nickel Alloys
Hauv daim ntawv: Round Bars, Square Bars, Hexagonal Bars, Flat Bars, Angles, Channels, Profiles, Hlau Rods, Sheets, Phaj, Seamless Pipes, ERW Pipes, Flanges, Fittings, thiab lwm yam.
Q1: Dab tsi yog stainless hlau?
A: Stainless txhais tau tias tsis muaj cov cim ntawm cov hlau nto, los yog ib hom hlau uas tsis raug puas los ntawm huab cua lossis dej thiab tsis hloov xim, tsis muaj xim, tiv taus staining, xeb, cov nyhuv corrosive ntawm cov tshuaj.
Q2: Puas yog stainless txhais tau tias tsis xeb?
A: Tsis yog, stainless txhais tau tias tsis yooj yim kom tau stained lossis xeb, nws muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv staining, xeb thiab corrosion.
Q3: Koj puas muab cov ntawv hlau stainless?
A: Yog, peb muab ntau hom stainless hlau los xij, nrog cov tuab ntawm 0.3-3.0mm. thiab nyob rau hauv txawv finishes.
Q4: Koj puas lees txais kev txiav mus ntev?
A: Tau kawg, cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab yog peb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Q5: Yog tias kuv muaj qhov kev txiav txim me me, koj puas kam txais kev txiav txim me me?
A: Tsis muaj teeb meem, koj qhov kev txhawj xeeb yog peb qhov kev txhawj xeeb, cov khoom me me raug lees txais.
Q6: Koj tuaj yeem lav koj cov khoom zoo li cas?
A: Ua ntej, txij thaum pib, peb twb tau siv lub siab rau lawv lub siab, uas yog lub neej zoo, peb cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav ua raws txhua kauj ruam kom txog thaum cov khoom ntim tau zoo thiab xa tawm.
Q7: Koj puas tuaj yeem ntim cov khoom?
A: Cov neeg tshaj lij ua cov kev ntim khoom, peb muaj ntau hom kev ntim khoom xaiv rau cov neeg siv khoom, kev lag luam ib lossis zoo dua.
Q8: Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ua ntej kev hais lus raug?
A: Rau cov lus hais kom raug, peb yuav tsum paub cov qib, tuab, qhov loj, qhov chaw tiav, xim thiab qhov ntau ntawm koj qhov kev txiav txim, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. Customized cov ntaub ntawv khoom yuav xav tau ntau dua, xws li kos duab, layout thiab npaj. Tom qab ntawd peb yuav muab cov lus sib tw nrog cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no.
Q9: Lub sijhawm them nyiaj twg koj tau txais?
A: Peb lees txais T / T, West union, L / C.
Q10: Yog tias qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim me me, koj puas yuav xa cov khoom rau peb tus neeg sawv cev?
A: Yog, peb tau yug los daws teeb meem ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom, peb yuav tau txais cov khoom zoo rau koj tus neeg sawv cev lub tsev khaws khoom thiab xa cov duab rau koj.
Q11: Koj puas tsuas yog ua cov ntawv tiaj tus? Kuv xav ua ib qho fabrication rau kuv qhov project tshiab.
A: Tsis yog, peb tsuas yog tsim cov hlau stainless tiaj tus ntawv kho qhov chaw, tib lub sijhawm, peb tsim cov khoom siv hlau tiav raws li tus neeg siv khoom kos duab thiab kev npaj, peb cov kws tshaj lij yuav saib xyuas tus so.
Q12: Muaj pes tsawg coutries koj twb exported?
A: Exported rau ntau tshaj 50 lub teb chaws feem ntau yog los ntawm America, Russia, UK, Kuwait, Egypt, Iran,
Qaib ntxhw, Jordan, thiab lwm yam.
Q13: Kuv tuaj yeem tau txais qee cov qauv li cas?
A: Cov qauv me me hauv khw thiab tuaj yeem muab cov qauv dawb. Catalgue muaj, feem ntau
qauv peb muaj npaj cov qauv hauv Tshuag. Customized kuaj yuav siv li 5-7 hnub.
Q14: Kev xa khoom yog dab tsi?
A: Qauv xaj lub sijhawm xa khoom yog 5-7 hnub. Lub thawv xaj yog li 15-20 hnub.
Q15: Dab tsi yog daim ntawv thov txog koj cov khoom?
A: 1.elevator qhov rooj / chav tsev lossis thiab escalator's side-wall.
2. Phab ntsa cladding sab hauv lossis sab nraum lub rooj sib tham / tsev noj mov.
3.Facade thaum cladding tshaj ib yam dab tsi, zoo li txhua kab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tos txais.
4.Ceiling nyob rau hauv lub supermarket. 5.Txoj kev kos duab hauv qee qhov chaw lom zem.
Q16: Koj tuaj yeem lav rau cov khoom no / tiav ntev npaum li cas?
A: Xim lav rau ntau tshaj 10 xyoo. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo tuaj yeem
muab.
