ʻO Copper, Brass a me Bronze, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Metala ʻulaʻula", hiki ke ʻano like i ka wā mua akā ʻokoʻa maoli.
keleawe
Hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe i nā ʻano huahana ma muli o kāna conductivity uila a me ka thermal conductivity, ikaika maikaʻi, formability maikaʻi a kūʻē i ka corrosion. Hana ʻia nā paipu a me nā paipu mai kēia mau metala ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai maʻalahi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a nui nā mea hiki ke welded e nā ʻano kinoea, arc a me nā ʻano kūʻē. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a hoʻomāliʻi ʻia e like me ke ʻano a me ka luster makemake ʻia.
Aia nā māka o ka Copper unalloyed, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nui o nā haumia i loko. Hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia nā māka keleawe ʻole o ka oxygen i nā hana kahi e pono ai ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe a me ka ductility.
ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ke keleawe kona hiki ke hakakā i ka bacteria. Ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo nui ʻana i ka antimicrobial e ka Environmental Protection Agency, ua ʻike ʻia he 355 mau keleawe keleawe, me nā keleawe he nui, ua ʻike ʻia e pepehi i ka 99.9% o ka bacteria i loko o ʻelua mau hola o ka hoʻopili ʻana. ʻAʻole i hōʻino ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka antimicrobial.
Nā noi keleawe
ʻO ke keleawe kekahi o nā metala mua loa i ʻike ʻia. Ua hana nā Helene a me nā Roma i mea hana a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonani, a aia kekahi mau kikoʻī mōʻaukala e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke keleawe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻeha a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai inu. I kēia mau lā, ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā mea uila e like me ka uwila ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻokele pono i ka uila.
keleawe
ʻO ka keleawe ka mea nui i hui pū ʻia me ke keleawe me ka zinc i hoʻohui ʻia. Hiki i nā keleawe ke hoʻohui i ka nui o ka zinc a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopuka kēia mau hui ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano waiwai a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kala. ʻO ka nui o ka zinc e hāʻawi i ka mea i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka ductility. Hiki i ke keleawe ke kala mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka melemele ma muli o ka nui o ka zinc i hoʻohui ʻia i ka alloy.
- Inā he 32% a hiki i ka 39% ka nui o ka zinc o ke keleawe, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hana wela akā e kaupalena ʻia ka hana anu.
- Inā loaʻa i ka keleawe ma luna o 39% zinc (laʻana - Muntz Metal), e loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka ductility haʻahaʻa (ma ka lumi wela).
Noi keleawe
Hoʻohana mau ʻia ke keleawe no nā mea hoʻonaninani ma muli o kona ʻano like me ke gula. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia e hana i nā mea kani ma muli o kāna hana kiʻekiʻe a paʻa.
Na Aluia keleawe e ae
Kino keleawe
ʻO kēia kahi huila i loaʻa ke keleawe, ka zinc a me ka tin. ʻO kēia pūʻulu huila e komo pū me ke keleawe admiralty, ke keleawe moana a me ke keleawe mīkini manuahi. Hoʻohui ʻia ka tin i mea e pale ai i ka dezincification (ka leaching o ka zinc mai nā ʻāpana keleawe) ma nā wahi he nui. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kēia hui i ka dezincification, ikaika haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa a me ka wai a me ka conductivity uila maikaʻi loa. Loaʻa iā lākou ka maikaʻi wela a me ke anuanu maikaʻi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa, nā lako kai, nā ʻāpana mīkini wili, nā ʻaʻa paila a me nā huahana mechanical-resistant.
keleawe
ʻO Bronze kahi huila e komo nui ʻia me ke keleawe me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻo ka mea hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia he tin, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka arsenic, phosphorus, aluminika, manganese, a me ke silika e hana i nā waiwai like ʻole i loko o ka mea. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau e hana i kahi huila ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke keleawe wale nō.
Hōʻike ʻia ka Bronze e kona waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke keleawe a me ke keleawe no ka mea he mau apo palupalu ke keleawe ma kona ʻili.
Nā noi keleawe
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Bronze i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi, nā mea kani a me nā mekala, a ma nā ʻoihana ʻoihana e like me nā bushings a me nā bearings, kahi maikaʻi o kāna metala haʻahaʻa ma ka friction metala. Loaʻa ka Bronze i nā noi nautical ma muli o kona kū'ē i ka corrosion.
ʻO nā hui keleawe ʻē aʻe
Bronze Phosphor (a i ʻole Tin Bronze)
Loaʻa i kēia huila ka mea maʻamau mai ka 0.5% a 1.0%, a me ka phosphorous range o 0.01% a 0.35%. He mea kaulana kēia mau alloys no ko lākou paʻakikī, ikaika, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka friction, kūpaʻa luhi kiʻekiʻe, a me ka palaoa maikaʻi. Hoʻonui ka ʻiʻo tin i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka ikaika tensile, aʻo ka mea phosphorous e hoʻonui i ka pale a me ka paʻakikī. ʻO kekahi mau mea hoʻohana hope maʻamau no kēia huahana he huahana uila, bellows, punawai, holoi holoi, mea pale ʻino.
Aluminum keleawe
He 6% - 12% kēia, he 6% ka nui o ka hao, a me ka nickel content o 6% (max). Hāʻawi kēia mau mea hoʻohui hui i ka ikaika nui, i hui pū ʻia me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka corrosion a me ka lole. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kēia mea i ka hana ʻana i nā lako kai, nā lima lima a me nā pamu a i ʻole nā kīwī e mālama ai i nā wai corrosive.
Silika keleawe
ʻO kēia kahi huila e hiki ke uhi i ke keleawe a me ke keleawe (nā keleawe silika ʻulaʻula a me nā keleawe silika ʻulaʻula). Loaʻa iā lākou he 20% zinc a me 6% silika. ʻO ke keleawe ʻulaʻula ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a hoʻohana mau ʻia no nā kumu valve. He like loa ke keleawe ulaula akā he haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka zinc. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana valve.
ʻO ke keleawe nikela (a i ʻole ke kala nikela)
ʻO kēia kahi huila i loaʻa ke keleawe, nickel a me ka zinc. Hāʻawi ka nickel i ka mea i kahi ʻano kālā. Loaʻa i kēia mea ka ikaika haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka corrosion. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kēia mea no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kani, nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu, nā lako optical, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe kahi mea nui o ka aesthetics.
Nikela keleawe (a i ʻole Cupronickel)
ʻO kēia kahi huila hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau mai 2% a 30% nickel. He kiʻekiʻe loa kēia mea i ka corrosion-kū'ē a loaʻa ka paʻa wela. Hōʻike kēia mea i ka hoʻomanawanui kiʻekiʻe loa i ka pohā ʻana o ka corrosion ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o kahi ea mahu a mākū paha. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nickel content i loko o kēia mea e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion i loko o ke kai, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kai. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kēia mea i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana uila, nā lako kai, nā kiwi, nā pamu a me nā ʻili moku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-28-2020