Wane karfe ne yake jure yanayin zafi?

Wane karfe ne yake jure yanayin zafi?

Akwai nau'ikan karfe da yawa, amma ayyukansu ba daidai suke ba.

Gabaɗaya, muna kiran ƙarfe mai zafin jiki a matsayin "ƙarfe mai jure zafi". Ƙarfe mai jure zafi yana nufin nau'in ƙarfe na ƙarfe waɗanda ke da juriya na iskar shaka da ƙarfin zafi mai gamsarwa da kyakkyawan juriya na zafi a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin zafi. A shekarar 1952 ne kasar Sin ta fara samar da karfe mai jure zafi.

Ana amfani da karfe mai jure zafi wajen kera abubuwan da ke aiki a yanayin zafi mai zafi a cikin tukunyar jirgi, injin tururi, injin wuta, tanderun masana'antu da sassan masana'antu kamar masana'antar jirgin sama da masana'antar petrochemical. Baya ga ƙarfin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da juriya ga lalatawar iskar oxygen mai zafi mai zafi, waɗannan abubuwan kuma suna buƙatar juriya mai gamsarwa, ingantaccen tsari da walƙiya, da wasu kwanciyar hankali na tsari bisa ga amfani daban-daban.

Karfe mai jure zafi zai iya kasu kashi biyu bisa ga aikinsa: karfen anti-oxidation da karfe mai jure zafi. Anti-oxidation karfe kuma ana kiransa karfen fata a takaice. Ƙarfe mai ƙarfi yana nufin ƙarfe wanda ke da juriya na iskar shaka a babban yanayin zafi kuma yana da ƙarfin zafin jiki.

Za a iya raba karfe mai jure zafi zuwa karfe austenitic, karfe mai jure zafi, karfe mai jure zafi, karfe mai juriya da lu'u-lu'u bisa ga tsari na al'ada.

Austenitic karfe mai jure zafi yana ƙunshe da abubuwa da yawa na austenite kamar nickel, manganese, da nitrogen. Lokacin da yake sama da 600 ℃, yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin zafin jiki da kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin walda. Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya sama da 600 ℃ zafin zafin aikin. Martensitic zafi-resistant karfe gaba daya yana da chromium abun ciki na 7 zuwa 13%, kuma yana da babban zafin jiki ƙarfi, hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya da ruwa tururi lalata juriya a kasa 650 ° C, amma ta weldability ne matalauta.

Karfe mai jure zafi na Ferritic ya ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwa kamar chromium, aluminum, silicon, da dai sauransu, ƙirƙirar tsari na ferrite guda ɗaya, yana da ƙwararriyar ikon tsayayya da iskar shaka da iskar gas mai zafin jiki, amma yana da ƙarancin zafin jiki da ƙarfi a cikin zafin jiki. . , Mara kyau weldability. The pearlite zafi-resistant karfe gami abubuwa ne yafi chromium da molybdenum, da kuma jimlar adadin kullum ba ya wuce 5%.

Amincin sa ya ƙunshi pearlite, ferrite, da bainite. Irin wannan karfe yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin zafin jiki da aiki mai aiki a 500 ℃ 600 ℃, kuma farashin yana da ƙasa.

Ana amfani da shi sosai don yin sassa masu jure zafi ƙasa da 600 ℃. Irin su bututun ƙarfe na tukunyar jirgi, injin turbine, rotors, fasteners, tasoshin matsa lamba, bututu, da sauransu.