Copper, Brass da Bronze, in ba haka ba da aka sani da "Red Metals", na iya kama da farko iri ɗaya amma a zahiri sun bambanta.
Copper
Ana amfani da Copper a cikin nau'o'in samfurori masu yawa saboda kyakkyawan yanayin wutar lantarki da yanayin zafi, ƙarfin mai kyau, kyakkyawan tsari da juriya ga lalata. Ana ƙera kayan aikin bututu da bututu da yawa daga waɗannan karafa saboda juriyar lalata su. Ana iya siyar da su da sauri kuma a ɗaure su, kuma da yawa ana iya walda su ta hanyar iskar gas, baka da hanyoyin juriya. Ana iya goge su kuma a goge su zuwa kusan kowane nau'in rubutu da haske da ake so.
Akwai maki na Copper wanda ba a haɗa shi ba, kuma suna iya bambanta cikin adadin ƙazanta da ke ƙunshe. Ana amfani da makin jan ƙarfe mara iskar oxygen musamman a cikin ayyuka inda ake buƙatar babban aiki da ductility.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan jan karfe shine ikonsa na yaki da kwayoyin cuta. Bayan gwaje-gwaje masu yawa na rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta yi, an gano cewa an gano cewa an gano nau'ikan ƙarfe 355 na tagulla, gami da tagulla masu yawa, sun kashe fiye da kashi 99.9% na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sa'o'i biyu na haɗuwa. An gano tabarbarewar al'ada ba don lalata tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta ba.
Aikace-aikacen Copper
Copper yana daya daga cikin karafa na farko da aka gano. Girkawa da Romawa sun sanya shi kayan aiki ko kayan ado, har ma akwai cikakkun bayanai na tarihi da ke nuna yadda ake amfani da tagulla don bakar raunuka da tsarkake ruwan sha. A yau an fi samun sa a cikin kayan lantarki irin su wiring saboda iya sarrafa wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata.
Brass
Brass galibi shine gami da ya ƙunshi jan ƙarfe tare da ƙara zinc. Brass na iya samun nau'ikan zinc ko wasu abubuwan da aka ƙara. Waɗannan nau'ikan gaurayawan suna haifar da fa'ida ta kaddarorin da bambancin launi. Ƙara yawan adadin zinc yana samar da kayan aiki tare da ingantaccen ƙarfi da ductility. Brass na iya kewayo cikin launi daga ja zuwa rawaya dangane da adadin zinc da aka ƙara zuwa gami.
- Idan abun ciki na zinc na tagulla ya bambanta daga 32% zuwa 39%, zai ƙara ƙarfin aiki mai zafi amma aikin sanyi zai iyakance.
- Idan tagulla ta ƙunshi fiye da 39% zinc (misali - Muntz Metal), zai sami ƙarfi mafi girma da ƙananan ductility (a dakin zafin jiki).
Aikace-aikacen Brass
Brass yawanci ana amfani dashi don kayan ado da farko saboda kamanninsa da zinari. Har ila yau, ana amfani da shi don kera kayan kida saboda yawan aiki da karko.
Sauran Gilashin Brass
Tin Brass
Wannan sinadari ce mai dauke da jan karfe, zinc da tin. Wannan rukunin gami zai haɗa da tagulla na admiralty, tagulla na ruwa da tagulla na injina kyauta. An kara da tin don hana ƙusa (leaching na zinc daga tagulla gami) a wurare da yawa. Wannan rukunin yana da ƙarancin hankali ga ɓacin rai, matsakaicin ƙarfi, babban yanayi da juriya na lalata ruwa da ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki. Suna da kyakkyawan tsari mai zafi da kyakkyawan tsari mai sanyi. Ana amfani da waɗannan allunan don yin na'urorin haɗi, kayan aikin ruwa, sassan injin dunƙule, ramukan famfo da samfuran injuna masu jure lalata.
Tagulla
Bronze wani abu ne wanda ya ƙunshi farko da tagulla tare da ƙari na sauran kayan aiki. A mafi yawan lokuta abin da ake ƙarawa shine yawanci tin, amma arsenic, phosphorus, aluminum, manganese, da silicon kuma ana iya amfani dashi don samar da abubuwa daban-daban a cikin kayan. Duk waɗannan sinadarai suna samar da gawa mai ƙarfi fiye da jan ƙarfe kaɗai.
Bronze yana siffanta shi da launin zinare. Hakanan zaka iya bambanta tsakanin tagulla da tagulla saboda tagulla za ta sami zobba masu raɗaɗi a saman sa.
Aikace-aikace na Bronze
Ana amfani da tagulla wajen gina sassaka, kayan kida da lambobin yabo, kuma a aikace-aikacen masana'antu kamar bushings da bearings, inda ƙarancin ƙarfen sa akan juzu'in ƙarfe yana da fa'ida. Bronze kuma yana da aikace-aikacen ruwa saboda juriyar lalata.
Sauran Tagulla Alloys
Bronze na Phosphor (ko Tin Bronze)
Wannan gami yawanci yana da abun ciki na tin daga 0.5% zuwa 1.0%, da kewayon phosphorous na 0.01% zuwa 0.35%. Waɗannan gami sun shahara saboda taurinsu, ƙarfinsu, ƙarancin ƙima, juriya mai ƙarfi, da kyakkyawan hatsi. Abun cikin gwangwani yana ƙara juriya na lalata da ƙarfi, yayin da abun ciki na phosphorous yana ƙara juriya da taurin kai. Wasu ƙayyadaddun amfani da ƙarshen wannan samfurin zai kasance samfuran lantarki, bellows, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, wanki, kayan aiki masu jure lalata.
Aluminum Bronze
Wannan yana da kewayon abun ciki na aluminium na 6% - 12%, abun ciki na ƙarfe na 6% (max), da abun ciki na nickel na 6% (max). Wadannan abubuwan da aka haɗe suna ba da ƙarin ƙarfi, haɗe tare da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalata da lalacewa. Ana amfani da wannan kayan galibi wajen kera kayan aikin ruwa, masu ɗaukar hannu da famfunan ruwa ko bawuloli waɗanda ke ɗaukar ruwa mai lalata.
Silicon Bronze
Wannan siliki ne wanda zai iya rufe duka tagulla da tagulla (brasses silicon ja da tagulla na silikon ja). Yawanci sun ƙunshi 20% zinc da 6% silicon. Jan tagulla yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da juriya na lalata kuma ana amfani da shi sosai don mai tushe bawul. Jan tagulla yana kama da haka amma yana da ƙananan ƙwayoyin zinc. An fi amfani da shi wajen kera famfo da abubuwan bawul.
Nickel Brass (ko nickel Azurfa)
Wannan sinadari ne wanda ya ƙunshi jan ƙarfe, nickel da zinc. Nickel yana ba da kayan kusan siffar azurfa. Wannan abu yana da matsakaicin ƙarfi da juriya mai kyau na lalata. Ana amfani da wannan kayan yawanci don yin kayan kida, kayan abinci da kayan sha, kayan aikin gani, da sauran abubuwa inda kayan ado ke da mahimmanci.
Copper nickel (ko Cupronickel)
Wannan alloy ne wanda zai iya ƙunsar ko'ina daga 2% zuwa 30% nickel. Wannan abu yana da babban juriya-lalata kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali na thermal. Har ila yau, wannan kayan yana nuna juriya mai girma ga lalatawar lalacewa a ƙarƙashin damuwa da oxidation a cikin yanayin tururi ko danshi mai iska. Abubuwan da ke cikin nickel mafi girma a cikin wannan kayan zasu sami ingantaccen juriya na lalata a cikin ruwan teku, da juriya ga gurbatar halittun ruwa. Ana amfani da wannan kayan yawanci wajen kera samfuran lantarki, kayan aikin ruwa, bawuloli, famfo da tarkacen jirgi.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-28-2020